使用NASA Ames Mars GCM模拟2018年火星全球沙尘暴：多示踪剂方法
Simulation of the 2018 Global Dust Storm on Mars Using the NASA Ames Mars GCM: A Multi-Tracer Approach
摘要：
全球沙尘暴是火星上最具破坏性的沙尘事件。它们是由多个局部和区域抬升事件的组合产生的，并由正的辐射动力反馈维持。最近的一次事件始于2018年6月，由轨道上和表面上的几个航天器监测，但关于其发生，膨胀和衰减的许多问题仍然存在。我们使用NASA艾姆斯火星全球气候模型对2018年全球沙尘暴进行了建模，以更好地了解风暴的演变以及大气环流和有限的地表尘埃库如何影响它。全球沙尘暴的特征是赤道地区的尘埃快速向东输送，随后抬升。我们强调的快速传输的灰尘之间的西半球和东半球水库，这可能会发挥重要作用，通过补充地面灰尘的风暴发展。Hadley环流和大气加热的日变化都随着沙尘的增加而增强。预计在风暴的成熟阶段会有大量的尘埃羽流，喷射的尘埃可达80公里。水冰云凝结层向高空迁移，导致高层大气水蒸气富集。在我们的模拟中，Hadley细胞的强度明显强于非尘埃条件。这种反馈对尘埃的辐射特性非常敏感，这取决于扬起的尘埃分布的有效尺寸。
英文摘要：
Global dust storms are the most thermodynamically significant dust events on Mars. They are produced from the combination of multiple local and regional lifting events and maintained by positive radiative-dynamic feedbacks. The most recent of these events, which began in June 2018, was monitored by several spacecraft in orbit and on the surface, but many questions remain regarding its onset, expansion and decay. We model the 2018 global dust storm with the NASA Ames Mars Global Climate Model to better understand the evolution of the storm and how the general circulation and finite surface dust reservoirs impact it. The global dust storm is characterized by the rapid eastward transport of dust in the equatorial regions and subsequent lifting. We highlight the rapid transfer of dust between western and eastern hemispheres reservoirs, which may play an important role in the storm development through the replenishment of surface dust. Both the Hadley cell circulation and the diurnal cycle of atmospheric heating increase in intensity with increasing dustiness. Large dust plumes are predicted during the mature stage of the storm, injecting dust up to 80 km. The water ice cloud condensation level migrates to higher altitudes, leading to the enrichment of water vapor in the upper atmosphere. In our simulations, the intensity of the Hadley cell is significantly stronger than that of non-dusty conditions. This feedback is strongly sensitive to the radiative properties of dust, which depends on the effective size of the lifted dust distribution.
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