石墨上稀$^3$ He-$^4$ He膜中畴壁的流动性：氦膜中可能的一维费米流体和狄拉克费米子
Fluidity in Domain Walls in Dilute $^3$He-$^4$He Films on Graphite: Possible 1D Fermi Fluid and Dirac Fermions in Helium Film
摘要：
测量了溶解在$^4$ He亚单层膜中的少量$^3$ He原子的热容。测得的热容量是有限的，并表明$^3$他原子是流动的面密度制度高于$\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}$相，其中$^4$他膜被认为是固体。在较高的面密度下，测得的热容与$T^2$成正比，并取决于$^3$ He原子的量。这些行为是反常的二维费米流体，并不能用均匀熔化的$^4$ He膜来解释。对这些反常行为的一种可能解释是，氦原子仅在吸附结构的畴壁内表现出流动性，溶解的$^3$ He原子聚集到其中，并表现为一维费米流体或狄拉克费米子，这取决于畴壁的结构。测得的热容量的行为强烈表明这种可能性。
英文摘要：
The heat capacity of a small amount of $^3$He atoms dissolved in submonolayer $^4$He film has been measured. The measured heat capacity is finite and suggests that $^3$He atoms are mobile at an areal density regime higher than that of the $\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}$ phase, where $^4$He films are believed to be solid. At higher areal densities, the measured heat capacity is proportional to $T^2$ and depends on the amounts of $^3$He atoms. These behaviors are anomalous to that of a two-dimensional Fermi fluid, and cannot be explained by uniform melting of $^4$He films. One possible explanation for these anomalous behaviors is that helium atoms exhibit fluidity only inside the domain walls of the adsorption structure, and the dissolved $^3$He atoms gather into them and behave as a one-dimensional Fermi fluid or as Dirac fermions, depending on the structure of the domain walls. The behaviors of the measured heat capacity strongly suggest this possibility.
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