振荡网络和电网的动态脆弱性
Dynamic Vulnerability in Oscillatory Networks and Power Grids
摘要：
最近的研究发现了驱动振荡器网络和交流电网中的分布式谐振。新出现的动态共振模式是高度异质性和非平凡的，共同取决于驱动频率，网络的相互作用拓扑结构和节点或节点驱动。然而，识别哪些节点最容易受到动态驱动的影响，从而可能使整个系统容易受到外部输入信号的影响，这仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们提出了一个易于计算的动态脆弱性指数（DVI），用于识别那些节点表现出最大幅度的响应动态驱动信号与给定的功率谱，从而最脆弱。DVI基于线性响应理论，因此是通用的，并且能够进行稳健的预测。因此，它显示出在动态驱动的网络中广泛应用的潜力，例如，用于识别由可再生能源的波动输入和波动的家庭电力输出驱动的电网中的脆弱节点。
英文摘要：
Recent work found distributed resonances in driven oscillator networks and AC power grids. The emerging dynamic resonance patterns are highly heterogeneous and nontrivial, depending jointly on the driving frequency, the interaction topology of the network and the node or nodes driven. Identifying which nodes are most susceptible to dynamic driving and may thus make the system as a whole vulnerable to external input signals, however, remains a challenge. Here we propose an easy-to-compute Dynamic Vulnerability Index (DVI) for identifying those nodes that exhibit largest amplitude responses to dynamic driving signals with given power spectra and thus are most vulnerable. The DVI is based on linear response theory, as such generic, and enables robust predictions. It thus shows potential for a wide range of applications across dynamically driven networks, for instance for identifying the vulnerable nodes in power grids driven by fluctuating inputs from renewable energy sources and fluctuating power output to households.
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