地下水抽水增加粮食产量导致印度持续地下水干旱
Groundwater pumping to increase food production causes persistent groundwater drought in India
摘要：
印度地下水的快速枯竭是一个可持续性挑战。然而，气候和地下水抽取对持续地下水干旱的关键作用仍未得到认识。利用重力恢复气候实验（GRACE）卫星和5000多口观测井的数据，我们发现印度西北部（NWI）降水的增加不再有助于从2012年开始的地下水干旱中恢复。地下水存储异常（GWSA）从GRACE井观测与累积降水量为153，105，和18个月的西北，中北部（NCI），印度南部（SI）。2012年后，西北地区降水和GWSA脱钩，表明地下水抽水对作物生产的影响大于气候。2002-2016年，西北地区植被生长（R2=0.26）对GWSA的相对贡献高于降水（R2=0.02），而NCI和SI则相反。我们的研究结果强调了减少印度地下水抽取的迫切需要。
英文摘要：
Rapid groundwater depletion in India is a sustainability challenge. However, the crucial role of climate and groundwater pumping on persisting groundwater drought remains unrecognized. Using the data from Gravity recovery climate experiment (GRACE) satellites and more than 5000 observational wells, here we show that the increase in precipitation in northwest India (NWI) no longer helps to recover from groundwater drought that started after 2012. Groundwater storage anomaly (GWSA) from the GRACE well observations is strongly linked with accumulated precipitation for 153, 105, and 18 months for NWI, northcentral (NCI), and south India (SI). Precipitation and GWSA have decoupled in NWI after 2012 indicating the higher influence of groundwater pumping for crop production than climate. The relative contribution of vegetation growth (R2=0.26) on GWSA is higher than precipitation (R2=0.02) for 2002-2016 in NWI than in NCI and SI. Our findings highlight the urgent need of reducing groundwater pumping in India.
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