原始光合作用对地球早期气候系统的影响
Effects of primitive photosynthesis on Earth's early climate system
摘要：
不同形式的光合作用生命的进化深刻地改变了生物圈的活动水平，随着时间的推移，从根本上重塑了地球海洋和大气的组成。然而，原始光合生物圈对地球早期大气化学和气候的机械影响却知之甚少。在这里，我们使用一个全球氧化还原平衡模式来探讨不同形式的原始光合作用的地球化学和气候效应。我们发现，基于H2和基于Fe的无氧光合自养生物的混合生态系统-进行光合作用而不产生氧气的生物-引起地球甲烷（CH 4）循环的强烈非线性放大，因此代表了地球早期气候系统的关键组成部分在有氧光合作用出现之前。使用蒙特卡罗方法，我们发现，一个混合的光合生物圈扩大了地球化学条件的范围，使温暖的气候状态远远超出这些代谢过程中孤立地发挥作用。我们的研究结果表明，地球的早期气候是由一个新的和探索不足的一套监管反馈连接缺氧生物圈和耦合的H，C和Fe循环。我们建议，类似的过程中，应考虑评估潜在的持续居住在类地行星减少大气。
英文摘要：
The evolution of different forms of photosynthetic life has profoundly altered the activity level of the biosphere, radically reshaping the composition of Earth's oceans and atmosphere over time. However, the mechanistic impacts of a primitive photosynthetic biosphere on Earth's early atmospheric chemistry and climate are poorly understood. Here, we use a global redox balance model to explore the biogeochemical and climatological effects of different forms of primitive photosynthesis. We find that a hybrid ecosystem of H2-based and Fe-based anoxygenic photoautotrophs - organisms that perform photosynthesis without producing oxygen - gives rise to a strong nonlinear amplification of Earth's methane (CH4) cycle, and would thus have represented a critical component of Earth's early climate system before the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis. Using a Monte Carlo approach, we find that a hybrid photosynthetic biosphere widens the range of geochemical conditions that allow for warm climate states well beyond either of these metabolic processes acting in isolation. Our results imply that Earth's early climate was governed by a novel and poorly explored set of regulatory feedbacks linking the anoxic biosphere and the coupled H, C and Fe cycles. We suggest that similar processes should be considered when assessing the potential for sustained habitability on Earth-like planets with reducing atmospheres.
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