A TeV-scale Higgs doublet can acquire a tiny vacuum expectation value via its small mixing with the standard model Higgs doublet. Ones then can realize a testable Dirac neutrino mass generation through the sizable Yukawa couplings among this new Higgs doublet, several right-handed neutrinos and the standard model lepton doublets. We show the small mixing between the two Higgs doublets can come from certain interactions for generating the cosmic baryon asymmetry.
In the conventional seesaw models of neutrino masses, leptogenesis occurs at a very high scale. Three approaches have been discussed in the literature to lower the scale of leptogenesis: mass degeneracy, hierarchy of couplings and three-body decays. We advocate yet another approach to a testable leptogenesis, whereby the decaying particles could go out of equilibrium at an accessible scale due to kinematics, although their couplings to the decay products are larger for generating a desired CP asymmetry. We demonstrate this new possibility for the testable leptogenesis in a two Higgs doublet mo…
We have proposed a new minimal extension of the Standard Model with a heavy Majorana fermion triplet($Σ$) and an extra scalar doublet($η$) so that the seesaw mechanism is radiative and can be accessible at upcoming accelerators. The origin of neutrino mass via the famous seesaw mechanism through the heavy Majorana fermion triplet has been discussed. We have proposed a mechanism of leptogenesis by the decay of the lightest neutral component of the fermion triplet into a Standard Model lepton doublet and an extra Higgs doublet. The important thing is that the leptogenesis scenario discussed in t…
It is shown that a supersymmetric SO(10) model extended with fermion singlets can accommodate the observed neutrino masses and mixings as well as generate the desired lepton asymmetry in concordance with the gravitino constraint. A necessary prediction of the model is near-TeV scale doubly-charged Higgs scalars which should be detectable at the LHC.
We for the first time map the range of active-sterile neutrino mixing angles in which leptogenesis is possible in the type I seesaw model with three heavy neutrinos with Majorana masses between 50 MeV and 100 TeV, covering the entire experimentally accessible mass range. Our study includes both,the asymmetry generation during freeze-in (ARS mechanism) and freeze-out (resonant leptotenesis) of the heavy neutrinos. The range of mixings for which leptogenesis is feasible is considerably larger than in the minimal model with only two heavy neutrinos and extends all the way up to the current experi…
Towards Testable Type-III Leptogenesis in Non-Standard Early Universe Scenarios
Department of Physics and Astronomical Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh（喜马偕尔邦中央大学物理与天文科学系）；Department of Physics, Pragjyotish College（普拉吉约提什学院物理系）
Leptogenesis could have occurred at temperatures much lower than generally thought, if the cosmological history of the Universe underwent a period of accelerated expansion, as is predicted for example in a class of scalar-tensor theories of gravitation. We discuss how non-standard cosmologies can open new pathways for low scale leptogenesis. Within these scenarios, direct tests of leptogenesis could also provide information on the very early times Universe evolution, corresponding to temperatures larger than the TeV.
We consider a minimal non-supersymmetric $SO(10)$ Grand Unified Theory (GUT) model that can reproduce the observed fermionic masses and mixing parameters of the Standard Model. We calculate the scales of spontaneous symmetry breaking from the GUT to the Standard Model gauge group using two-loop renormalisation group equations. This procedure determines the proton decay rate and the scale of $U(1)_{B-L}$ breaking, which generates cosmic strings and the right-handed neutrino mass scales. Consequently, the regions of parameter space where thermal leptogenesis is viable are identified and correlat…
We propose a minimal and motivated extension of the Standard Model characterised by an approximate lepton number conservation, which is able to simultaneously generate neutrino masses and to account for a successful baryogenesis via leptogenesis. The sterile fermions involved in the leptogenesis process have masses at the GeV scale. We determine the viable parameter space that complies with both the neutrino and baryogenesis phenomenology, and analyse the different regimes for the generation of a lepton asymmetry in the early Universe (weak and strong-washout) in order to determine their testa…
We analyze the classically scale-invariant $B-L$ model in the context of resonant leptogenesis with the recently proposed mass-gain mechanism. The $B-L$ symmetry breaking in this scenario is associated with a strong first order phase transition that gives rise to detectable gravitational waves (GWs) via bubble collisions. The same $B-L$ symmetry breaking also gives Majorana mass to right-handed neutrinos inside the bubbles, and their out of equilibrium decays can produce the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe via leptogenesis. We show that the current LIGO-VIRGO limit on stochastic GW b…
This is a mini-review on the mechanism of leptogenesis, with a special emphasis on low-scale leptogenesis models which are testable in foreseeable laboratory experiments at Energy and Intensity frontiers. We also stress the importance of flavor effects in the calculation of the lepton asymmetry and the necessity of a flavor-covariant framework to consistently capture these effects.
Dirac leptogenesis (or Dirac neutrinogenesis), in which neutrinos are purely Dirac particles, is an interesting alternative to the standard leptogenesis scenario. In its supersymmetric version, the modified form of the superpotential required for successful baryogenesis contributes new, generically non-flavor-diagonal terms to the slepton and sneutrino mass matrices. In this work, we examine how current experimental bounds on flavor-changing effects in the lepton sector (and particularly the bound on Mu -> e Gamma) constrain Dirac leptogenesis and we find that it is capable of succeeding with …
We show that a version of the nearly Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (nMSSM), extended only in the singlet sector to include the additional superfields of right-handed neutrinos and very heavy Dirac particles conserving $B-L$, admits a viable scenario for Dirac leptogenesis and naturally small Dirac neutrino masses. The origin of the ($B-L$)-conserving high singlet neutrino scale and the desired supersymmetry breaking terms is associated with dynamical supersymmetry breaking in the hidden sector.
Dirac leptogenesis, in which neutrinos are purely Dirac and develop small but nonzero effective masses without the aid of the see-saw mechanism, provides an interesting alternative to the standard leptogenesis picture. Here we review the theory and phenomenology of Dirac leptogenesis and show that it is a viable theory capable of simultaneously satisfying all relevant bounds from cosmology, neutrino physics, and flavor violation. In addition, we also explore several potential extensions of the model, such as the possibility of right-handed sneutrino dark matter and the potential for relating t…
We present a model of leptogenesis that preserves lepton number. The model maintains the important feature of more traditional leptogenesis scenarios: the decaying particles that provide the CP violation necessary for baryogenesis also provide the explanation for the smallness of the neutrino Yukawa couplings. This model clearly demonstrates that, contrary to conventional wisdom, neutrinos need not be Majorana in nature in order to help explain the baryon asymmetry of the universe.
We discuss how Dirac neutrinos can naturally be generated in supersymmetry and how they allow for an Affleck-Dine leptogenesis scenario, in which a left-right asymmetry is generated in the sneutrino sector, the left part of which is transferred to a baryon asymmetry via sphaleron transitions. No exotic fields need to be added to the MSSM other than the right-handed neutrino.
We consider a mirror world scenario, in which light Dirac neutrinos are generated from a seesaw mechanism and leptogenesis occurs at high scale without violating lepton number. After leptogenesis, the conservation laws of the theory imply the visible baryon-minus-lepton asymmetry to be equal to the mirror baryon-minus-lepton asymmetry. We extend previous work by presenting a detailed study of this Dirac leptogenesis mechanism by constructing the full set of Boltzmann Equations for both cases of unflavored and flavored regimes. We show that $Z_2$ breaking and lepton/mirror lepton flavor effects…
We show that by adding to the standard model plus the type I seesaw different types of scalars, it is possible to construct models that satisfy the three requirements of (i) generating neutrino masses at the TeV scale, (ii) being testable at the LHC via direct production of new states, and (iii) allowing for leptogenesis at temperatures $T\sim O$(TeV).
Motivated by the fact that the Dirac phase in the PMNS matrix is the only CP-violating parameter in the leptonic sector that can be measured in neutrino oscillation experiments, we examine the possibility that it is the dominant source of CP violation for leptogenesis caused by the out-of-equilibrium decays of heavy singlet fermions. We do so within a low-scale extended type-I seesaw model, featuring two Standard Model singlet fermions per family, in which lepton number is approximately conserved such that the heavy singlet neutrinos are pseudo-Dirac. We find that this produces a predictive mo…
We explain the electron-positron excess reported by the DAMPE collaboration recently in a radiative Dirac seesaw model where a dark $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry can (i) forbid the tree-level Yukawa couplings of three right-handed neutrinos to the standard model lepton and Higgs doublets, (ii) predict the existence of three dark fermions for the gauge anomaly cancellation, (iii) mediate a testable scattering of the lightest dark fermion off the nucleons. Our model can also accommodate a successful leptogenesis to generate the cosmic baryon asymmetry.
The lightness of the Standard Model (SM) neutrinos could be understood if their masses were to be generated by new physics at a high scale, through the so-called seesaw mechanism involving heavy fermion singlets. If new physics violates baryon minus lepton number by only a small amount, the heavy fermion singlets as well as the SM neutrinos split into pairs of quasi-Dirac states. At the scale of the fermion singlets, this quasi-Diracness allows to enhance CP violation in their decays and the cosmic matter-antimatter asymmetry can be successfully generated through resonant leptogenesis. At lowe…
We consider resonant Dirac leptogenesis in a geometry with three five-dimensional throats in the flat limit. The baryon asymmetry in the universe is generated by resonant decays of heavy Kaluza-Klein scalars that are copies of the standard model Higgs. Discrete exchange symmetries between the throats are responsible for establishing two key features of the model. First, they ensure a near degeneracy of the scalar masses and thus a resonant decay of the scalars. This allows for Dirac leptogenesis at low energies close to the TeV scale. Second, the discrete symmetries connect the observed baryon…
We discuss minimal non-supersymmetric models of resonant leptogenesis, based on an approximate flavour symmetries. As an illustrative example, we consider a resonant tau-leptogenesis model, compatible with universal right-handed neutrino masses at the GUT scale, where the required heavy-neutrino mass splittings are generated radiatively. In particular, we explicitly demonstrate, how a minimum number of three heavy Majorana neutrinos is needed, in order to obtain successful leptogenesis and experimentally testable rates for processes of lepton flavour violation, such as mu --> e gamma and mu --…
We study leptogenesis in two seesaw models where maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing and $U_{e3} = 0$ result from symmetries. Salient features of those models are the existence of three Higgs doublets and a twofold degeneracy of the neutrino Dirac mass matrix. We find that in those models both leptogenesis and neutrinoless double beta decay depend on the same unique Majorana phase. Leptogenesis can produce a baryon asymmetry of the universe of the right size provided the mass of the heavy neutrino whose decays generate the lepton asymmetry is in the range $10^{11}$--$10^{12} \mathrm{GeV}$. Mor…
Dirac neutrinos with lepton-number-violating interactions can give rise to a new leptogenesis mechanism. In its simplest renormalizable realization, based on a gauged B-L symmetry spontaneously broken by four units, the decay of a new scalar creates an asymmetry in the right-handed neutrinos. A neutrinophilic two-Higgs-doublet model converts this asymmetry to the baryons, provides a natural explanation of the small neutrino masses, and can lead to an effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom of N(eff) = 3.29 due to the entropy-suppressed contribution of the right-handed neutrinos.
This work addresses the viability of \textit {Dirac phase leptogenesis}, in a scenario where the light Majorana neutrinos acquire masses by the inverse seesaw (ISS) mechanism. We show that, a successful leptogenesis in the ISS, driven (only) by the Dirac CP phase can be achieved with the involvement of an unorthodox form of the rotational matrix $R = e^{i{\bf A}} \,\,\,(e^{\bf A})$ in the Casas-Ibarra parametrisation. This particular structure of $R$ turns out to be an artefact in explaining the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe in a pure ISS scenario. We detail here the confined regio…
We study minimal scenarios of resonant leptogenesis near the electroweak phase transition. These models offer a number of testable phenomenological signatures for low-energy experiments and future high-energy colliders. Our study extends previous analyses of the relevant network of Boltzmann equations, consistently taking into account effects from out of equilibrium sphalerons and single lepton flavours. We show that the effects from single lepton flavours become very important in variants of resonant leptogenesis, where the observed baryon asymmetry in the Universe is created by lepton-to-bar…
Models with composite singlet neutrinos can give small Majorana or Dirac masses to the active neutrinos. The mechanism is based on the fact that conserved chiral symmetries give massless neutrinos at the renormalizable level. Thus, they acquire very small masses due to non-renormalizable terms. We investigate such models in two aspects. First, we find UV completions for them and then we investigate the possibility of giving leptogenesis. We find that these models offer new possibilities for leptogenesis. Models with Majorana masses can exhibit standard leptogenesis. Models with Dirac masses ca…
We discuss the conditions for a non-vanishing Dirac phase δand mixing angle θ_{13}, sources of CP violation in neutrino oscillations, to be uniquely responsible for the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe through leptogenesis. We show that this scenario, that we call δ-leptogenesis, is viable when the degenerate limit (DL) for the heavy right-handed (RH) neutrino spectrum is considered. We derive an interesting joint condition on \sinθ_{13} and the absolute neutrino mass scale that can be tested in future neutrino oscillation experiments. In the limit of hierarchical heavy RH …
Baryon and lepton numbers of the Universe in leptogenesis with Dirac neutrino and leptogenesis with Majorana neutrino scenarios are considered. It is shown that despite quite different features of Dirac and Majorana fermions both scenarios yield the same relation among the initial lepton and the final baryon asymmetries. Moreover right-handed neutrinos in the leptogenesis with Dirac neutrino scenario have very little impact on the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom, constrained by BBN. Thus the two scenarios are similar from the cosmological point of view. It is also pointed o…
We describe a "neutrinogenesis" mechanism whereby, in the presence of right-handed neutrinos with sufficiently small pure Dirac masses, (B+L)-violating sphaleron processes create the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, even when B=L=0 initially. It is shown that the resulting neutrino mass constraints are easily fulfilled by the neutrino masses suggested by current experiments. We present a simple toy model which uses this mechanism to produce the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe. (PostScript Errors corrected in latest Version).
The problem of testing leptogenesis from low energy experiments is discussed following three different perspectives. Firstly, we review the prospects that from low energy experiments we could reconstruct the neutrino Yukawa coupling matrix and hence constrain the leptogenesis mechanism. We emphasize the fact that the experimental determination of the phases and mixings in the light neutrino mass matrix is irrelevant for leptogenesis, unless additional information about the texture of the Yukawa coupling matrix is provided by other observables. Secondly, we show how the discovery of an extra ga…
We propose a minimal extension of the standard model with U(1)_{B-L} \times Z_{2} symmetry. In this model by assuming that the neutrinos are Dirac (i.e. $B-L$ is an exact symmetry), we found a simultaneous solution for non zero neutrino masses and dark matter content of the universe. The observed baryon asymmetry of the universe is also explained using Dirac Leptogenesis, which is assisted by a dark sector, gauged under a U(1)_D symmetry. The latter symmetry of the dark sector is broken at a TeV scale and thereby giving mass to a neutral gauge boson Z_D. The standard model Z-boson mixes with t…
We propose a model where sterile neutrinos are introduced to make light neutrinos to be pseudo-Dirac particles. It is shown how tiny mass splitting necessary for realizing pseudo-Dirac neutrinos can be achieved. Within the model, we show how leptogenesis can be successfully generated. Motivated by the recent observation of very high energy neutrino events at IceCube, we study a possibility to observe the effects of the pseudo-Dirac property of neutrinos by performing astronomical-scale baseline experiments to uncover the oscillation effects of very tiny mass splitting. Using the result of glob…
I present here a concise summary of the preprint arXiv:0707.3024, written in collaboration with A. Anisimov and P. Di Bari. There we discuss leptogenesis when {\em CP} violation stems exlusively from the Dirac phase in the PMNS mixing matrix. Under this assumption it turns out that the situation is very constrained when a hierarchical heavy right-handed (RH) neutrino spectrum is considered: the allowed regions are small and the final asymmetry depends on the initial conditions. On the other hand, for a quasi-degenerate spectrum of RH neutrinos, the {\em CP} asymmetry can be enhanced and the si…
A triangular ansatz for the seesaw mechanism and baryogenesis via leptogenesis is explored. In a basis where both the charged lepton and the Majorana mass matrix are diagonal, the Dirac mass matrix can generally be written as the product of a unitary times a triangular matrix. We assume the unitary matrix to be the identity and then an upper triangular Dirac matrix. Constraints from bilarge lepton mixing and leptogenesis are studied.
In an $SU(3)_{c}\times SU(2)_{L}\times SU(2)_{R}\times U(1)_{B-L}$ left-right symmetric framework, we present a new leptogenesis scenario parametrized by Dirac neutrino mass matrix. Benefited from the parity symmetry motivated to solve the strong CP problem, the dimensionless couplings of the mirror fields are identified to those of the ordinary fields. In particular, the mirror Dirac neutrinos have a heavy mass matrix proportional to the light mass matrix of the ordinary Dirac neutrinos. Through the $SU(2)_R$ gauge interactions, the mirror neutrinos can decay to generate a lepton asymmetry in…
We study leptogenesis in three different realisations of the type Ib seesaw mechanism, where the effective masses of the neutrinos are obtained by the spontaneous symmetry breaking of two different Higgs doublets. In the minimal type Ib seesaw model, where two right-handed neutrinos form a Dirac mass, we show that it is impossible to produce the correct baryon asymmetry, even including a pseudo-Dirac mass splitting. In an extended type Ib seesaw model, with a third very heavy Majorana right-handed neutrino, together with the low scale Dirac pair of right-handed (RH) neutrinos and an extra sing…
We consider low-scale leptogenesis via right-handed neutrinos $N$ coupled to a $Z'$ boson, with gauged $U(1)_{B-L}$ as a simple realization. Keeping the neutrinos sufficiently out of equilibrium puts strong bounds on the $Z'$ coupling strength and mass, our focus being on light $Z'$ and $N$, testable in the near future by SHiP, HPS, Belle II, and at the LHC. We show that leptogenesis could be robustly falsified in a large region of parameter space by the double observation of $Z'$ and $N$, e.g. in the channel $pp\to Z' \to NN$ with displaced $N$-decay vertex, and by several experiments searchi…
We study the prediction of maximal zeros of the Dirac mass matrix on neutrino phenomenology and baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) within the framework of an inverse seesaw ISS $(2,3)$. We try to find the origin of the allowed two zero textures of the Dirac mass matrix from $S_{4}$ flavor symmetry. ISS $(2,3)$ model contains two pairs of quasi-Dirac particles and one sterile state in the keV scale along with three active neutrinos. The decays of the quasi-Dirac pairs create lepton asymmetry that can be converted to baryon asymmetry of the universe by the sphaleron process. Thus, BAU can be…
The degenerate leptogenesis is studied when the degeneracy in two of the heavy right-handed neutrinos [the third one is irrelevant if $μ-τ$ symmetry is assumed] is due to $\bar{L}\equiv (L_{e}-L_μ-L_τ) $ discrete symmetry. It is shown that a sizeable leptogenesis asymmetry $(ε\succsim 10^{-6}) $ is possible. The level of degeneracy required also predicts the Majorana phase needed for the asymmetry. Since it is the same phase, which appears in the double $β$% -decay and this prediction is testable. Implication of non-zero reactor angle $θ_{13}$ are discussed. It is shown that the contribution f…
The leptogenesis is studied in the neutrino textures with two zeros, which reduce the number of independent phases of the CP violation. The phenomenological favored neutrino textures with two zeros are decomposed into the Dirac neutrino mass matrix and the right-handed Majorana one in the see-saw mechanism. Putting the condition to suppress the $μ\to eγ$ decay enough, the texture zeros of the Dirac neutrino mass matrix are fixed in the framework of the MSSM with right-handed neutrinos. These textures have only one CP violatig phase. The magnitude of each entry of the Dirac mass matrix is deter…
We propose the minimal, lepton-number conserving, SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) gauge-singlet, or phantom, extension of the Standard Model. The extension is natural in the sense that all couplings are of O(1) or forbidden due to a phantom sector global U(1)_D symmetry, and basically imitates the standard Majorana see-saw mechanism. Spontaneous breaking of the U(1)_D symmetry triggers consistent electroweak gauge symmetry breaking only if it occurs at a scale compatible with small Dirac neutrino masses and baryogenesis through Dirac leptogenesis. Dirac leptogenesis proceeds through the usual out-of-equilibr…
We extend the DFSZ invisible axion model to simultaneously explain small Dirac neutrino masses and cosmic matter-antimatter asymmetry. After the Peccei-Quinn and electroweak symmetry breaking, the effective Yukawa couplings of the Dirac neutrinos to the standard model Higgs scalar can be highly suppressed by the ratio of the vacuum expectation value of an iso-triplet Higgs scalar over the masses of some heavy gauge-singlet fermions, iso-doublet Higgs scalars or iso-triplet fermions. The iso-triplet fields can carry a zero or nonzero hypercharge. Through the decays of the heavy gauge-singlet fe…
In R-parity violating supersymmetric models both leptogenesis and the correct neutrino masses are hard to achieve together. The presence of certain soft nonholomorphic R-parity violating terms helps to resolve this problem. We consider a scenario where the lightest and the second-lightest neutralino are nearly degenerate in mass and enough CP-asymmetry can be produced through resonant leptogenesis. In this model, the lighter chargino and the lightest neutralino are highly degenerate. We have relatively lighter gauginos which can be produced at the LHC leading to heavily ionizing charged tracks…
Leptogenesis induced by the oscillations of GeV-scale neutrinos provides a minimal and testable explanation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. In this work we extend previous studies invoking only two heavy neutrinos to the case of three heavy neutrinos. We find qualitatively new behaviour as a result of lepton number violating oscillations and decays, strong flavour effects in the washout and a resonant enhancement due to matter effects. An approximate global $B - \bar L$ symmetry (representing the difference of baryon and a generalised lepton number) can protect the light neutrino mass…
