通过变形石墨烯膜探索事件视界和霍金辐射
Exploring Event Horizons and Hawking Radiation through Deformed Graphene Membranes
摘要：
在弯曲时空中研究量子系统的行为，反重力系统正成为一种越来越流行的方法。特别是基于超冷量子气体的装置，最近已经被用来探索霍金和Unruh辐射的热性质，这是近50年前理论上预测的。对于固态实现，一个有前途的系统是石墨烯，其中Dirac类低能电子激发和相对论量子场论之间的联系在其发现后不久就被揭开了。在这里，我们表明，这种联系延伸到弯曲的量子场论的情况下，石墨烯片是在一个恒定的负曲率的表面，称为贝尔特拉米的伪球形状。由于大规模模拟，我们提供了数值证据，可以实现能量稳定的负曲率石墨烯表面;碳-碳键长和伪球半径之间的比率足够小，可以形成视界;并且在视界附近评估的相关局域态密度具有热性质，其特征温度为几十开尔文。这些发现为实现固态系统铺平了道路，在固态系统中可以研究量子多体系统的弯曲时空动力学。
英文摘要：
Analogue gravitational systems are becoming an increasing popular way of studying the behaviour of quantum systems in curved spacetime. Setups based on ultracold quantum gases in particular, have been recently harnessed to explore the thermal nature of Hawking's and Unruh's radiation that was theoretically predicted almost 50 years ago. For solid state implementations, a promising system is graphene, in which a link between the Dirac-like low-energy electronic excitations and relativistic quantum field theories has been unveiled soon after its discovery. Here we show that this link extends to the case of curved quantum field theory when the graphene sheet is shaped in a surface of constant negative curvature, known as Beltrami's pseudosphere. Thanks to large-scale simulations, we provide numerical evidence that energetically stable negative curvature graphene surfaces can be realized; the ratio between the carbon-carbon bond length and the pseudosphere radius is small enough to allow the formation of an horizon; and the associated Local Density Of States evaluated at horizon's proximity has a thermal nature with a characteristic temperature of few tens of Kelvin. Such findings pave the way to the realization of a solid-state system in which the curved spacetime dynamics of quantum many body systems can be investigated.
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