景观结构对意大利蜜蜂授粉服务作用的空间扩展模型
A spatially extended model to assess the role of landscape structure on the pollination service of Apis mellifera
摘要：
意大利蜜蜂作为与粮食生产有关的大多数作物的授粉者发挥着至关重要的作用，因此它的存在目前对我们的健康和生存至关重要。意大利蜜蜂生活的景观的组成和配置可能会决定蜂巢的健康状况及其成员可以为作物提供的授粉服务。在这里，我们提出了一个空间上明确的模型，通过模拟蜜蜂的日常旅行，每个蜂巢的人口动态和他们的蜂蜜生产，预测意大利蜜蜂对作物的访问的空间分布。该模型超越了现有的方法，包括：1）受花蜜提取、授粉、开花和重复访问之间的反馈相互作用影响的花资源，2）允许通过短期资源耗尽进行竞争的传粉者动态，3）觅食行为的概率方法，模拟传粉者对其周围环境的资源仅具有部分知识的事实，（4）西方蜜蜂在选择觅食地时，其觅食行为和策略具有独特性和系统性，而非独居传粉者和野生传粉者。简单和现实主义之间的平衡，我们显示了保持最小比例的自然栖息地在农业景观的重要性。我们还评估了景观结构对授粉的影响，并证明存在一个最佳的自然栖息地斑块大小，最大限度地提高授粉服务的固定比例的自然栖息地。
英文摘要：
Apis mellifera plays a crucial role as pollinator of the majority of crops linked to food production and thus its presence is currently fundamental to our health and survival. The composition and configuration of the landscape in which Apis mellifera lives will likely determine the well-being of the hives and the pollination service that their members can provide to the crops. Here we present a spatially explicit model that predicts the spatial distribution of visits by Apis mellifera to crops, by simulating daily trips of honey bees, the demographical dynamic of each hive and their honey production. This model goes beyond existing approaches by including 1) a flower resource affected by the feedback interaction between nectar extraction, pollination, blossoming and repeated visits, 2) a pollinators dynamic that allows competition through short term resource depletion, 3) a probabilistic approach of the foraging behavior, modeling the fact that the pollinators have only partial knowledge of the resource on their surroundings, and 4) the specific and systematic foraging behavior and strategies of Apis mellifera at the moment of choosing foraging sites, as opposed to those adopted by solitary and wild pollinators. With a balance between simplicity and realism we show the importance of keeping a minimal fraction of natural habitat in an agricultural landscape. We also evaluate the effects of the landscape's structure on pollination, and demonstrate that there exists an optimal size of natural habitat patches that maximizes the pollination service for a fixed fraction of natural habitat.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
