Astro2020项目白皮书：宇宙加速计
Astro2020 Project White Paper: The Cosmic Accelerometer
摘要：
我们提出了一个实验，宇宙加速度计，旨在产生速度精度为$\leq 1$ cm/s的测量稳定性多年到几十年。第一阶段的宇宙加速度计，这是在Astro 2020小程序的规模，将是理想的精确径向速度测量类太阳恒星的宜居带的类地系外行星。与此同时，该实验将作为第二阶段中尺度更大设施的技术开拓者和设施核心，该设施可以在6年的时间尺度上提供对宇宙学红移漂移的重要探测。这一较大的设施自然将提供对地球双行星系统的进一步探测/研究，作为其外部校准过程的一部分。这项实验从根本上是由一种名为PolyOculus的新型低成本望远镜技术实现的，该技术利用了商业现成设备（望远镜，CCD相机和控制计算机）的最新进展，并结合了一种新的光学架构，以产生相当于大镜直径标准望远镜的望远镜收集区域。将PolyOculus阵列与主动稳定的高精度径向速度摄谱仪相结合，提供了一种具有新颖校准功能的独特设施，以实现宇宙加速度计的性能要求。
英文摘要：
We propose an experiment, the Cosmic Accelerometer, designed to yield velocity precision of $\leq 1$ cm/s with measurement stability over years to decades. The first-phase Cosmic Accelerometer, which is at the scale of the Astro2020 Small programs, will be ideal for precision radial velocity measurements of terrestrial exoplanets in the Habitable Zone of Sun-like stars. At the same time, this experiment will serve as the technical pathfinder and facility core for a second-phase larger facility at the Medium scale, which can provide a significant detection of cosmological redshift drift on a 6-year timescale. This larger facility will naturally provide further detection/study of Earth twin planet systems as part of its external calibration process. This experiment is fundamentally enabled by a novel low-cost telescope technology called PolyOculus, which harnesses recent advances in commercial off the shelf equipment (telescopes, CCD cameras, and control computers) combined with a novel optical architecture to produce telescope collecting areas equivalent to standard telescopes with large mirror diameters. Combining a PolyOculus array with an actively-stabilized high-precision radial velocity spectrograph provides a unique facility with novel calibration features to achieve the performance requirements for the Cosmic Accelerometer.
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