从火星卫星返回样品的微生物污染概率评估I：微生物从火星表面的离开
Assessment of the probability of microbial contamination for sample return from Martian moons I: Departure of microbes from Martian surface
摘要：
火星卫星火卫一和火卫二的潜在微生物污染可能是流星体撞击火星表面产生的火星喷出物的运输造成的，已根据最近火星表面重大流星体碰撞的最可能历史，以统计方法进行了全面评估。这篇文章是我们研究的第一部分，以评估从火星大气层离开的火星喷出物中潜在的微生物密度，作为第二部分微生物污染概率统计分析的来源。通过类比具有类似干旱和寒冷环境的陆地地区，估计作为微生物来源的火星表面上的潜在微生物密度，由此推导出概率函数作为渐近极限。通过对考虑和不考虑碰撞微流星体与目标地面的内摩擦和塑性形变的碰撞现象进行数值分析，估算了超高速微流星体碰撞过程中微生物的存活率。借助于计算流体动力学分析，考虑到空气动力学减速和加热，对通过火星大气层的离开的喷射物的轨迹进行了计算。研究发现，直径小于0.03米的火星喷出物很难到达火卫一轨道，由于空气动力学减速，或大多数消毒由于显着的空气动力学加热，即使他们可以到达火卫一轨道和超越。最后，在我们的研究的第二部分的火星喷出物离开火星卫星的微生物密度的基线数据集。
英文摘要：
Potential microbial contamination of Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, which can be brought about by transportation of Mars ejecta produced by meteoroid impacts on the Martian surface, has been comprehensively assessed in a statistical approach, based on the most probable history of recent major gigantic meteoroid collisions on the Martian surface. This article is the first part of our study to assess potential microbial density in Mars ejecta departing from the Martian atmosphere, as a source of the second part where statistical analysis of microbial contamination probability is conducted. Potential microbial density on the Martian surface as the source of microorganisms was estimated by analogy to the terrestrial areas having the similar arid and cold environments, from which a probabilistic function was deduced as the asymptotic limit. Microbial survival rate during hypervelocity meteoroid collisions was estimated by numerical analysis of impact phenomena with and without taking internal friction and plastic deformation of the colliding meteoroid and the target ground into consideration. Trajectory calculations of departing ejecta through the Martian atmosphere were conducted with taking account of aerodynamic deceleration and heating by the aid of computational fluid dynamic analysis. It is found that Mars ejecta smaller than 0.03 m in diameter hardly reach the Phobos orbit due to aerodynamic deceleration, or mostly sterilized due to significant aerodynamic heating even though they can reach the Phobos orbit and beyond. Finally, the baseline dataset of microbial density in Mars ejecta departing for Martian moons has been presented for the second part of our study.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
