开放Kitaev链和梯中拓扑相的揭示
Unveiling Signatures of Topological Phases in Open Kitaev Chains and Ladders
摘要：
在这项工作中，一般问题的表征的开放量子系统的拓扑相位的解决。特别是，我们研究的Kitaev链和梯子的扰动作用下的电流通量注入到系统中使用外部正常的铅和来自它通过超导电极的拓扑性质。在讨论了孤立系的拓扑相图之后，利用Bogoliubov de Gennes公式中的散射技术，我们分析了这些拓扑器件的微分电导特性作为所有相关模型参数的函数。通过研究系统电响应作为正常电极（尖端）的位置和距离的函数，也解决了实施局部光谱测量来表征拓扑系统的相关问题。结果表明，拓扑顺序的签名如何影响所分析的系统的电响应，其中的一个子集是强大的也对适量的混乱的影响。对纳米器件内部模式的分析表明，当一个初始孤立的拓扑系统的量子态与外部库的量子态杂化时，拓扑保护可能会丢失。本文的结论对于理解介观器件的拓扑相结构具有一定的参考价值。
英文摘要：
In this work, the general problem of the characterization of the topological phase of an open quantum system is addressed. In particular, we study the topological properties of Kitaev chains and ladders under the perturbing effect of a current flux injected into the system using an external normal lead and derived from it via a superconducting electrode. After discussing the topological phase diagram of the isolated systems, using a scattering technique within the Bogoliubov de Gennes formulation, we analyze the differential conductance properties of these topological devices as a function of all relevant model parameters. The relevant problem of implementing local spectroscopic measurements to characterize topological systems is also addressed by studying the system electrical response as a function of the position and the distance of the normal electrode (tip). The results show how the signatures of topological order affect the electrical response of the analyzed systems, a subset of which being robust also against the effects of a moderate amount of disorder. The analysis of the internal modes of the nanodevices demonstrates that topological protection can be lost when quantum states of an initially isolated topological system are hybridized with those of the external reservoirs. The conclusions of this work could be useful in understanding the topological phases of nanowire-based mesoscopic devices.
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