短尺度粗糙度和波浪破碎效率对海洋飞沫气溶胶产生的影响：多传感器现场观测
Effects of Short Scale Roughness and Wave Breaking Efficiency on Sea Spray Aerosol Production: Multisensor Field Observations
摘要：
在公海上获得了海洋飞沫气溶胶（SSA）、风、波浪、水声噪声和微波亮温的同时测量。这些数据进行分析，以澄清重要的SSA生产的海洋表面过程。参数制定代表表面过程的特征长度尺度在很宽的范围内，从几十米到几厘米。结果表明，SSA性质（数量、体积和通量）与表面过程参数之间的相关系数向最短尺度方向提高。这表明，而表面波破碎是一个必要的初始和边界条件，大气SSA属性的最终状态主要由海洋表面粗糙度的湍流过程控制。研究还揭示了上升风和下降风下SSA特性的明显差异，在低或下降风下具有更高的破产效率。以往的研究表明，混合海中的碎波长度尺度比风海中的短。将这些观测结果结合在一起，可以看出较大的空气空腔被夹带在上升的风中（风海更有可能）。较大的空气腔在它们可以完全分解成小气泡用于随后的SSA生产之前逃逸。相比之下，较短的破碎机在低或下降的风（与混合海更可能）捕获较小的空气腔，停留在水下更长的时间，更有效的气泡破裂的湍流。
英文摘要：
Simultaneous measurements of sea spray aerosol (SSA), wind, wave, underwater acoustic noise, and microwave brightness temperature are obtained in the open ocean. These data are analyzed to clarify the ocean surface processes important to SSA production. Parameters are formulated to represent surface processes with characteristic length scales over a broad range, from tens of meters to a few centimeters. The result shows that the correlation coefficients between SSA properties (number, volume and flux) and surface process parameters improve toward the shortest length scale. This suggests that whereas surface wave breaking is a necessary initial and boundary condition, the final state of the atmospheric SSA properties is controlled primarily by turbulent processes characterized by the ocean surface roughness. The investigation also reveals distinct differences of the SSA properties in rising winds and falling winds, with higher efficiency of breaking production in low or falling winds. Previous studies show that the length scale of breaking waves is shorter in mixed seas than in wind seas. Combining the observations together, it is suggestive that larger air cavities are entrained in rising winds (with wind seas more likely). The larger air cavities escape before they can be fully broken down into small bubbles for the subsequent SSA production. In contrast, the shorter breakers in low or falling winds (with mixed seas more likely) trap smaller air cavities that stay underwater longer for more efficient bubble breakup by turbulence.
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