FatPaths：最短路径不足时超级计算机和数据中心的路由
FatPaths: Routing in Supercomputers and Data Centers when Shortest Paths Fall Short
摘要：
我们介绍FatPaths：一种简单、通用且强大的路由架构，可使Slim Fly等最先进的低直径拓扑实现前所未有的性能。FatPaths的目标是HPC超级计算机以及云数据中心和集群中的以太网堆栈。FatPaths公开并利用最小路径和非最小路径的丰富多样性，以实现高性能的多路径。此外，FatPaths使用重新设计的“纯化”传输层，几乎消除了所有TCP性能问题（例如，慢启动），并结合了细流交换（一种用于防止TCP网络中的分组重新排序的技术），以实现非常简单和有效的负载均衡。我们的设计使最新的低直径拓扑能够超越强大的Clos设计，以可比的成本实现高15%的净吞吐量和低2倍的延迟。FatPaths将显著加速构成Top500列表的50%以上的以太网集群，它可能成为现代拓扑的标准路由方案。
英文摘要：
We introduce FatPaths: a simple, generic, and robust routing architecture that enables state-of-the-art low-diameter topologies such as Slim Fly to achieve unprecedented performance. FatPaths targets Ethernet stacks in both HPC supercomputers as well as cloud data centers and clusters. FatPaths exposes and exploits the rich ("fat") diversity of both minimal and non-minimal paths for high-performance multi-pathing. Moreover, FatPaths uses a redesigned "purified" transport layer that removes virtually all TCP performance issues (e.g., the slow start), and incorporates flowlet switching, a technique used to prevent packet reordering in TCP networks, to enable very simple and effective load balancing. Our design enables recent low-diameter topologies to outperform powerful Clos designs, achieving 15% higher net throughput at 2x lower latency for comparable cost. FatPaths will significantly accelerate Ethernet clusters that form more than 50% of the Top500 list and it may become a standard routing scheme for modern topologies.
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