第一次体验极限高度：高度、恐惧的自我判断和移动结构梁对安静站立时心率和姿势摆动的影响
Experiencing Extreme Height for The First Time: The Influence of Height, Self-Judgment of Fear and a Moving Structural Beam on the Heart Rate and Postural Sway During the Quiet Stance
摘要：
在建筑地盘，从高处堕下是造成伤亡的主要原因。根据美国劳工统计局（BLS）的报告，平均每天有近三名工人因摔倒而受伤。研究表明，姿势不稳定是这种不成比例下降率的首要原因。为了研究影响建筑工人姿势稳定性的因素，我们在虚拟现实（VR）中进行了一系列实验。本研究招募了12名健康成年人，均为内布拉斯加大学的学生。在每次试验中，参与者的心率和姿势摆动作为依赖因素进行测量。独立因素包括直接朝向参与者的移动结构梁（MB），VR的存在，高度，参与者对恐惧的自我判断以及他们的恐高症水平。前者是为了模拟钢铁工人的关键任务之一--钢铁安装过程的某一部分而设计的。本研究结果显示，身高会增加人体的姿势摇摆。自我判断的恐惧显着减少姿势摇摆，更具体地说，在存在和不存在的高度的压力中心（TE）的标准化总偏移。此外，一旦参与者在虚拟环境（VE）中遇到移动的光束，即使他们被告知光束不会击中他们，他们的心率也会显著增加。本研究之结果可供初次进行高空作业及钢筋架设之新手训练参考。
英文摘要：
Falling from elevated surfaces is the main cause of death and injury at construction sites. Based on the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports, an average of nearly three workers per day suffer fatal injuries from falling. Studies show that postural instability is the foremost cause of this disproportional falling rate. To study what affects the postural stability of construction workers, we conducted a series of experiments in the virtual reality (VR). Twelve healthy adults, all students at the University of Nebraska were recruited for this study. During each trial, participants heart rates and postural sways were measured as the dependent factors. The independent factors included a moving structural beam (MB) coming directly at the participants, the presence of VR, height, the participants self-judgment of fear, and their level of acrophobia. The former was designed in an attempt to simulate some part of the steel erection procedure, which is one of the key tasks of ironworkers. The results of this study indicate that height increase the postural sway. Self-judged fear significantly was found to decrease postural sway, more specifically the normalized total excursion of the center of pressure (TE), both in the presence and absence of height. Also, participants heart rates significantly increase once they are confronted by a moving beam in the virtual environment (VE), even though they are informed that the beam will not hit them. The findings of this study can be useful for training novice ironworkers that will be subjected to height and steel erection for the first time.
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