斑图形成的普遍性
Universality of Pattern Formation
摘要：
我们研究了具有复作用量的$\mathcal PT$ -对称标量欧氏场论，使用理论分析和晶格模拟。该模型具有丰富的相结构，在临界区域呈现斑图形成。分析结果和模拟关联斑图形成与快子不稳定性的均匀相。蒙特卡罗模拟表明，图案形态变化平稳，没有明显的微相。我们认为，在这个模型中的斑图形成可以被视为一种形式的逮捕spinodal分解。我们扩展我们的理论分析，多组分$\mathcal PT$对称欧几里德标量场，并表明，它们产生了新的普遍性类的本地场论，表现出模式化的行为在临界区域。当使用Polyakov环来区分受限相和非受限相时，有限温度和密度下的QCD是$Z(2)$普适类的一员。这表明在$μ-T$平面的临界区域中，QCD中的受限和非受限物质的图案的形成是可能的。
英文摘要：
We study a $\mathcal PT$-symmetric scalar Euclidean field theory with a complex action, using both theoretical analysis and lattice simulations. This model has a rich phase structure that exhibits pattern formation in the critical region. Analytical results and simulations associate pattern formation with tachyonic instabilities in the homogeneous phase. Monte Carlo simulation shows that pattern morphologies vary smoothly, without distinct microphases. We suggest that pattern formation in this model may be regarded as a form of arrested spinodal decomposition. We extend our theoretical analysis to multicomponent $\mathcal PT$-symmetric Euclidean scalar field theories and show that they give rise to new universality classes of local field theories that exhibit patterned behavior in the critical region. QCD at finite temperature and density is a member of the $Z(2)$ universality class when the Polyakov loop is used to distinguish confined and deconfined phases. This suggests the possibility of the formation of patterns of confined and deconfined matter in QCD in the critical region in the $μ-T$ plane.
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