利用脉冲星计时测量时钟跳变
Measuring clock jumps using pulsar timing
摘要：
在本文中，我们研究的统计信号处理算法来衡量即时本地时钟跳从多个时钟的定时数据。我们的算法是基于贝叶斯统计的框架。为了使贝叶斯算法适用于有限的计算资源，我们致力于分析无关参数的边缘化。我们发现，广泛使用的参数脉冲星定时系统，“Efac”参数，可以分析边缘化。这将高斯似然性降低到与学生$t$分布非常相似的函数。文中还说明了我们求解极大似然估计量的迭代方法。利用云南昆明40米射电望远镜的脉冲星计时数据，验证了该方法的应用，其钟跳精度可达80 ns。这样的精确度可与目前使用卫星的商业时间传递服务相媲美。我们希望目前的方法可以帮助发展自主脉冲星时标。
英文摘要：
In this paper, we investigate the statistical signal-processing algorithm to measure the instant local clock jump from the timing data of multiple pulsars. Our algorithm is based on the framework of Bayesian statistics. In order to make the Bayesian algorithm applicable with limited computational resources, we dedicated our efforts to the analytic marginalization of irrelevant parameters. We found that the widely used parameter for pulsar timing systematics, the `Efac' parameter, can be analytically marginalized. This reduces the Gaussian likelihood to a function very similar to the Student's $t$-distribution. Our iterative method to solve the maximum likelihood estimator is also explained in the paper. Using pulsar timing data from the Yunnan Kunming 40m radio telescope, we demonstrate the application of the method, where 80-ns level precision for the clock jump can be achieved. Such a precision is comparable to that of current commercial time transferring service using satellites. We expect that the current method could help developing the autonomous pulsar time scale.
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