turbulence作为三维自组装随机动能源的热力学描述
A thermodynamic description of turbulence as a source of stochastic kinetic energy for 3D self-assembly
摘要：
我们调查在何种程度上可以使用一个热力学描述的湍流作为一个来源的随机动能的三维自组装磁相互作用的宏观粒子。我们确认，在我们的系统中产生的流场中的对象的速度服从麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布，和他们的随机行走可以定义从爱因斯坦关系的扩散系数。然而，我们发现，当考虑速度的方向分量时，与布朗动力学的类比就失效了。对于矢量分量，既不遵守均分定理，也不遵守爱因斯坦关系。此外，从单个物体的随机行走估计的动能比从嵌入磁体的两个球体之间的相互作用的玻尔兹曼统计估计的值高一个数量级。这些结果表明，通过湍流将随机动能引入到自组装过程中在很大程度上可以用标准热力学理论描述，但需要考虑各向异性和相互作用的特定性质。
英文摘要：
We investigate to what extent one can use a thermodynamic description of turbulent flow as a source of stochastic kinetic energy for three-dimensional self-assembly of magnetically interacting macroscopic particles. We confirm that the speed of the objects in the flow field generated in our system obeys the Maxwell--Boltzmann distribution, and their random walk can be defined by a diffusion coefficient following from the Einstein relation. However, we discovered that the analogy with Brownian dynamics breaks down when considering the directional components of the velocity. For the vectorial components, neither the equipartition theorem, nor the Einstein relation is obeyed. Moreover, the kinetic energy estimated from the random walk of individual objects is one order of magnitude higher than the value estimated from Boltzmann statistics on the interaction between two spheres with embedded magnets. These results show that introducing stochastic kinetic energy into a self-assembly process by means of turbulent flow can to a great extent be described by standard thermodynamic theory, but anisotropies and the specific nature of the interactions need to be taken into account.
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