网络广告屏蔽黑名单的纵向分析
A Longitudinal Analysis of Online Ad-Blocking Blacklists
摘要：
网站使用第三方广告和跟踪服务，利用Cookie和JavaScript代码来投放广告和跟踪用户行为，从而引起隐私问题。为了限制在线跟踪和阻止广告，已经策划了几个广告阻止（黑）名单，其中包括知名广告和跟踪服务的URL和域。使用互联网档案馆的Wayback Machine在本文中，我们收集了一个回顾性的Web视图来分析广告和跟踪服务的演变，并评估广告拦截黑名单的有效性。我们提出的指标来捕捉广告拦截黑名单的功效，以调查这些黑名单是否已经反应或主动处理在线广告和跟踪服务。我们引入了一个稳定性指标来衡量广告和跟踪域的时间变化阻止广告拦截黑名单，和多样性指标来衡量新的广告和跟踪域检测到的比率。我们观察到，网站中的广告和跟踪域会随着时间的推移而变化，在我们调查的广告拦截黑名单中，我们的分析显示，一些黑名单更了解广告和跟踪域的存在，但它们的变化速度比其他黑名单慢。我们的分析还显示，美国、加拿大和英国的Alexa前5K网站每个网站的广告和跟踪域名数量最多，主动得分最高。这表明，广告拦截黑名单是通过对这些国家的热门网站中报告的广告进行优先排序和跟踪域名来更新的。
英文摘要：
Websites employ third-party ads and tracking services leveraging cookies and JavaScript code, to deliver ads and track users' behavior, causing privacy concerns. To limit online tracking and block advertisements, several ad-blocking (black) lists have been curated consisting of URLs and domains of well-known ads and tracking services. Using Internet Archive's Wayback Machine in this paper, we collect a retrospective view of the Web to analyze the evolution of ads and tracking services and evaluate the effectiveness of ad-blocking blacklists. We propose metrics to capture the efficacy of ad-blocking blacklists to investigate whether these blacklists have been reactive or proactive in tackling the online ad and tracking services. We introduce a stability metric to measure the temporal changes in ads and tracking domains blocked by ad-blocking blacklists, and a diversity metric to measure the ratio of new ads and tracking domains detected. We observe that ads and tracking domains in websites change over time, and among the ad-blocking blacklists that we investigated, our analysis reveals that some blacklists were more informed with the existence of ads and tracking domains, but their rate of change was slower than other blacklists. Our analysis also shows that Alexa top 5K websites in the US, Canada, and the UK have the most number of ads and tracking domains per website, and have the highest proactive scores. This suggests that ad-blocking blacklists are updated by prioritizing ads and tracking domains reported in the popular websites from these countries.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
