从原子到拓扑电子材料：初学者的睡前故事
Atoms to topological electronic materials: A bedtime story for beginners
摘要：
本文综述了凝聚态物质中不同拓扑电子态的理论基础和实验发现。首先，我们简要回顾了在固体能带理论中已经实现的传统电子态。其次，介绍了凝聚态电子系统中最简单的非平凡绝缘相（量子霍尔态）和拓扑序的概念。在接下来的章节中，我们讨论了二维量子自旋霍尔（QSH）态，并回顾了从二维QSH态到三维拓扑绝缘体（TI）的理论和实验进展。随后，我们简要介绍了最近发现的拓扑Dirac半金属，Weyl半金属，三重，六重和八重简并半金属和节线半金属的理论和实验理解。然后介绍了拓扑晶体绝缘体，它不能被认为是量子自旋霍尔或量子自旋霍尔绝缘体的后代。最后讨论了磁性在某些拓扑材料中的存在及其对电子能带结构的影响。
英文摘要：
In this review, We discussed the theoretical foundation and experimental discovery of different topological electronic states of material in condensed matter. At first, we briefly reviewed the conventional electronic states, which have been realized in band theory of solid. Next, the simplest non-trivial insulating phase (Integer Quantum Hall State) and the concept of topological order in condensed matter electronic system have been introduced. In the following sections, we discussed Quantum Spin Hall (QSH) State in two dimensions (2D), and reviewed the theoretical and experimental developments from 2D QSH state to 3D topological insulators (TI). Subsequently, we gave a brief overview on theoretical and experimental understanding on recently discovered topological Dirac semimetals, Weyl semimetals, three-, six- , and eight-fold degenerate semimetals, and Nodal line semimetals. Then, topological crystalline insulator, which can not be considered as a descendent of Quantum Spin Hall or Integer Quantum Hall insulator, has been introduced. Finally, we discussed the presence of magnetism in some topological materials and its consequence on electronic band structure.
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