低于自激阈值电压的磁控管的受激产生
Stimulated Generation of Magnetrons powered below the Self-Excitation Threshold Voltage
摘要：
兆瓦束的现代CW或脉冲超导加速器需要相位和功率可控的高效RF源。期望具有功率高达数百kW的单独RF功率源用于每个超导RF（SRF）腔。对于脉冲加速器，要求脉冲持续时间在毫秒范围内。与磁控管相比，传统RF源（速调管、IOT、固态放大器）的效率较低，并且RF功率的单位成本显著较高。通常，射频源及其操作的成本是项目总成本和操作的重要组成部分。基于磁控管的射频源的功率单位成本为1-3美元/瓦，与传统的射频源相比，将显著降低资本和运营成本。这引起了人们对用于现代加速器的磁控管射频源的兴趣。最近开发的动力学模型描述磁控管操作的原理和随后的实验导致了一种创新的技术产生的“受激”发电的磁控管低于自激阈值电压供电。磁控管在这种状态下的操作是稳定的、低噪声的、相位和功率可控的，并且提供比其他类型的RF功率源更高的效率。它允许在CW和脉冲模式下工作（大占空因数）。对于脉冲操作，该技术不需要脉冲调制器来形成RF脉冲。这也是延长磁控管寿命的一个有希望的机会。本文介绍和讨论了所开发的技术，其实验验证和证实该技术的动力学模型的简要说明。
英文摘要：
Modern CW or pulsed superconducting accelerators of megawatts beams require efficient RF sources controllable in phase and power. It is desirable to have an individual RF power source with power up to hundreds of kW for each Superconductive RF (SRF) cavity. For pulsed accelerators the pulse duration in millisecond range is required. The efficiency of the traditional RF sources (klystrons, IOTs, solid-state amplifiers) in comparison to magnetrons is lower and the cost of unit of RF power is significantly higher. Typically, the cost of RF sources and their operation is a significant part of the total project cost and operation. The magnetron-based RF sources with a cost of power unit of 1-3 dollars per Watt would significantly reduce the capital and operation costs in comparison with the traditional RF sources. This arouses interest in magnetron RF sources for use in modern accelerators. A recently developed kinetic model describing the principle of magnetron operation and subsequent experiments resulted in an innovative technique producing the "stimulated" generation of magnetrons powered below the self-excitation threshold voltage. The magnetron operation in this regime is stable, low noise, controllable in phase and power, and provides higher efficiency than other types of RF power sources. It allows operation in CW and pulse modes (at large duty factor). For pulsed operation this technique does not require pulse modulators to form RF pulses. It also looks as a promising opportunity to extend magnetron life time. The developed technique, its experimental verification and a brief explanation of the kinetic model substantiating the technique are presented and discussed in this article.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
