多跳无线传感器网络中资源受限节点传播延迟和时钟偏差补偿高精度时间同步方案的实现
On the Practical Implementation of Propagation Delay and Clock Skew Compensated High-Precision Time Synchronization Schemes with Resource-Constrained Sensor Nodes in Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Networks
摘要：
在无线传感器网络中，在资源受限的传感器节点上实现高精度的时间同步是一个主要的挑战。基于异步源时钟频率恢复和反向双向消息交换的最新无线传感器网络时间同步方案的实际测试床上的实际实现的调查，可以补偿传播延迟和时钟偏差以获得更高的精度，由于传感器节点的浮点运算精度有限，低复杂度的传感器节点不能达到仿真实验预测的精度。注意到典型的传感器节点的计算能力较低，其对时间同步的影响，我们提出了一种非对称的高精度时间同步方案，可以提供高精度的时间同步，即使在多跳无线传感器网络中的资源受限的传感器节点。在该方案中，所有的同步相关的计算都在头节点配备了丰富的计算和电源资源，而传感器节点只负责时间戳。基于运行TinyOS的TelosB节点的实验平台的实验结果表明，该时间同步方案能够避免资源受限传感器节点单精度浮点运算所带来的时间同步误差，在多跳无线传感器网络中实现微秒级的时间同步精度。
英文摘要：
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), implementing a high-precision time synchronization scheme on resource-constrained sensor nodes is a major challenge. Our investigation of the practical implementation on a real testbed of the state-of-the-art WSN time synchronization scheme based on the asynchronous source clock frequency recovery and the reverse two-way message exchange, which can compensate for both propagation delay and clock skew for higher precision, reveals that its performance on battery-powered, low-complexity sensor nodes is not up to that predicted from simulation experiments due to the limited precision floating-point arithmetic of sensor nodes. Noting the lower computational capability of typical sensor nodes and its impact on time synchronization, we propose an asymmetric high-precision time synchronization scheme that can provide high-precision time synchronization even with resource-constrained sensor nodes in multi-hop WSNs. In the proposed scheme, all synchronization-related computations are done at the head node equipped with abundant computing and power resources, while the sensor nodes are responsible for timestamping only. Experimental results with a testbed based on TelosB motes running TinyOS demonstrate that the proposed time synchronization scheme can avoid time synchronization errors resulting from the single-precision floating-point arithmetic of the resource-constrained sensor nodes and achieve microsecond-level time synchronization accuracy in multi-hop WSNs.
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