与巨大的HII区域CTB 102有关的分子云的高分辨率观测
High-Resolution Observations of the Molecular Clouds Associated with the Huge HII Region CTB 102
摘要：
我们首次报道了与巨大的外星系HII区CTB~102（KR 1）有关的分子云的高分辨率（亚弧分）大尺度映射$^{12}$ CO和$^{13}$ CO观测结果。这些观测是使用Taeduk射电天文台13.7米射电望远镜上新委托的接收器系统进行的。我们的观测结果表明，分子云的空间范围为$60 \times 35$ pc，总质量为$10^{4.8} - 10^{5.0}$ M $_\odot$。来自WISE和2MASS的红外数据被用来识别和分类与分子云中正在进行的恒星形成活动相关的YSO人口。我们直接检测到18个I类/II类YSO和6个过渡盘对象。远离HII区域，有一个年龄/类梯度与连续恒星形成一致。红外线和分子线数据相结合，以估计恒星形成效率（SFE）的整个云以及SFE的各个子区域的云。我们发现，整体的SFE是$\sim5 - 10$ %之间，与以前的观测巨型分子云。其中一个子区域，区域1a，是一个明显的离群值，在5 pc空间尺度上SFE为17 $-$ 35%。这种高SFE对于更小（次pc尺度）的恒星形成核心更典型，我们认为区域1a可能是一个嵌入的大质量原星团。
英文摘要：
We report the first high-resolution (sub-arcminute) large-scale mapping $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO observations of the molecular clouds associated with the giant outer Galaxy HII region CTB~102 (KR 1). These observations were made using a newly commissioned receiver system on the 13.7-m radio telescope at the Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory. Our observations show that the molecular clouds have a spatial extent of $60 \times 35$ pc and a total mass of $10^{4.8} - 10^{5.0}$ M$_\odot$. Infrared data from WISE and 2MASS were used to identify and classify the YSO population associated with ongoing star formation activity within the molecular clouds. We directly detect 18 class I/class II YSOs and six transition disk objects. Moving away from the HII region, there is an age/class gradient consistent with sequential star formation. The infrared and molecular-line data were combined to estimate the star formation efficiency (SFE) of the entire cloud as well as the SFE for various sub-regions of the cloud. We find that the overall SFE is between $\sim5 - 10$%, consistent with previous observations of giant molecular clouds. One of the sub-regions, region 1a, is a clear outlier, with a SFE of 17 $-$ 35% on a 5 pc spatial scale. This high SFE is more typical for much smaller (sub-pc scale) star-forming cores, and we think region 1a is likely an embedded massive protocluster.
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