The Demographics and Atmospheres of Giant Planets with the ELTs
Brendan Bowler, Steph Sallum, Alan Boss, Timothy Brandt, Zack Briesemeister, Marta Bryan, Laird Close, Justin Crepp, Thayne Currie, Jonathan Fortney, Julien Gir… 展开作者
Brendan Bowler, Steph Sallum, Alan Boss, Timothy Brandt, Zack Briesemeister, Marta Bryan, Laird Close, Justin Crepp, Thayne Currie, Jonathan Fortney, Julien Girard, Rebecca Jensen-Clem, Mihkel Kama, Adam Kraus, Quinn Konopacky, Michael Liu, Mark Marley, Christian Marois, Dimitri Mawet, Tiffany Meshkat, Michael Meyer, Caroline Morley, Eric Nielsen, Andrew Skemer, Jason Wang, Ya-Lin Wu
Gas giants are the most readily detectable exoplanets but fundamental questions about their system architectures, formation, migration, and atmospheres have been unanswerable with the current generation of ground- and space-based facilities. The dominant techniques to detect and characterize giant planets $-$ radial velocities, transits, direct imaging, microlensing, and astrometry $-$ are each isolated to a limited range of planet masses, separations, ages, and temperatures. These windows into the arrangement and physical properties of giant planets have spawned new questions about the timescale and location of their assembly; the distributions of planet mass and orbital separation at young and old ages; the composition and structure of their atmospheres; and their orbital and rotational angular momentum architectures. The ELTs will address these questions by building bridges between these islands of mass, orbital distance, and age. The angular resolution, collecting area, all-sky coverage, and novel instrumentation suite of these facilities are needed to provide a complete map of the orbits and atmospheric evolution of gas giant planets (0.3$-$10 $M_\mathrm{Jup}$) across space (0.1$-$100 AU) and time (1 Myr to 10 Gyr). This white paper highlights the scientific potential of the GMT and TMT to address these outstanding questions, with a particular focus on the role of direct imaging and spectroscopy of large samples of giant planets that will soon be made available with $Gaia$.
Exoplanet atmospheres and demographics in the 2040s
European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）；Observatoire de Paris（巴黎天文台）；Leiden Observatory（莱顿天文台）；Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics（马普地外物理研究所）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）
There's more to life than O$_2$: Simulating the detectability of a range of molecules for ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy of transiting terrestrial exoplanets
Searching for Hot Water World Candidates with CHEOPS: Refining the radii and analysing the internal structures and atmospheric lifetimes of TOI-238 b and TOI-1685 b
From Protoplanetary Disks to Extrasolar Planets: Understanding the Life Cycle of Circumstellar Gas with Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
很少有科学发现像过去二十年中的系外行星科学爆炸那样吸引了公众的想象力。这项工作从根本上改变了我们对地球在宇宙中的地位的看法，并导致NASA对了解系外行星系统的人口统计及其形成条件进行了大量投资。系外行星系统的形成和演化的故事本质上是最初存在于原恒星环境中的星周气体和尘埃的故事;为了理解所观察到的行星系统的多样性，我们需要了解星周气体的生命周期，从其在原行星盘中的初始条件到其作为行星及其大气的终点。在这篇回应NASA信息请求的白皮书中，“下一个NASA紫外/可见光天体物理学任务概念的科学目标和要求（NNH 12 ZDA 008 L）”，我们描述了将使用未来NASA紫外（UV）/可见光空间天文台的独特能力来提高我们对星周气体生命周期的理解的科学计划。
