基于遗传算法的laser加速质子束流整形
Shaping of a laser-accelerated proton beam for radiobiology applications via genetic algorithm
摘要：
激光加速质子由于其亚皮秒脉冲宽度和高剂量率的特性，在辐射生物学创新实验中具有巨大的潜力。然而，宽的角发散使得它们对于对辐照靶处的剂量均匀性和总通量具有严格要求的应用不是最佳的。增加均匀性所采用的其他策略是增加源和照射平面之间的距离，或者用平坦的散射系统或通过传输系统本身来扩展射束。这种方法大大减少了质子通量，并且对于激光加速的质子来说不是最佳的。在本文中，我们演示了使用遗传算法（GA）设计一个最佳的非平面散射系统，以形成光束和有效地平坦化的横向剂量分布在被照射的目标。该系统被放置在磁传输系统中，以利用彩色聚焦元件的存在来进一步混合质子轨迹。放置在运输系统后的平面散射系统的效果也进行了比较。介绍了遗传算法的一般结构及其在激光加速质子束成形中的应用，以及它在空气中水靶剂量分布优化中的应用。
英文摘要：
Laser-accelerated protons have a great potential for innovative experiments in radiation biology due to the sub-picosecond pulse duration and high dose rate achievable. However, the broad angular divergence makes them not optimal for applications with stringent requirements on dose homogeneity and total flux at the irradiated target. The strategy otherwise adopted to increase the homogeneity is to increase the distance between the source and the irradiation plane or to spread the beam with flat scattering systems or through the transport system itself. Such methods considerably reduce the proton flux and are not optimal for laser-accelerated protons. In this paper we demonstrate the use of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to design an optimal non-flat scattering system to shape the beam and efficiently flatten the transversal dose distribution at the irradiated target. The system is placed in the magnetic transport system to take advantage of the presence of chromatic focusing elements to further mix the proton trajectories. The effect of a flat scattering system placed after the transport system is also presented for comparison. The general structure of the GA and its application to the shaping of a laser-accelerated proton beam are presented, as well as its application to the optimisation of dose distribution in a water target in air.
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