少层二维氮族化合物催化软亲核试剂与酯的烷基化反应
Few layer 2D pnictogens catalyze the alkylation of soft nucleophiles with esters
摘要：
处于零氧化态的第15族元素（P、As、Sb和Bi），也称为氮族元素，由于制备结构良好且稳定的材料的困难，很少用于催化。在这里，我们报告的高度剥离，几层二维磷烯和锑烯在零氧化态，悬浮在离子液体中，与本地原子准备与外部试剂相互作用，同时避免有氧或水分解途径的合成，并使用它们作为有效的催化剂与酯的亲核试剂的烷基化。该少层氮族元素材料通过在表面上实现替代机制，通过离子液体保护其免受水和空气的影响，避免了与先前的超强酸催化的烷基化相关的极其苛刻的反应条件。这些2D催化剂允许各种酸敏感性有机分子的烷基化，并将合成相关性给予使用简单酯作为烷基化剂。
英文摘要：
Group 15 elements in zero oxidation state (P, As, Sb and Bi), also called pnictogens, are rarely used in catalysis due to the difficulties associated in preparing well-structured and stable materials. Here, we report on the synthesis of highly exfoliated, few layer 2D phosphorene and antimonene in zero oxidation state, suspended in an ionic liquid, with the native atoms ready to interact with external reagents while avoiding aerobic or aqueous decomposition pathways, and on their use as efficient catalysts for the alkylation of nucleophiles with esters. The few layer pnictogen material circumvents the extremely harsh reaction conditions associated to previous superacid-catalyzed alkylations, by enabling an alternative mechanism on surface, protected from the water and air by the ionic liquid. These 2D catalysts allow the alkylation of a variety of acid-sensitive organic molecules and giving synthetic relevancy to the use of simple esters as alkylating agents.
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