投资成本的地区差异对电力系统优化设计的影响
How regional differences in cost of capital influence the optimal design of power systems
摘要：
为了减少电力部门的温室气体排放，需要将高比例的可再生能源纳入现有系统。这将需要大量的投资。这些投资所需的资本成本在欧洲各地区分布不均匀。它们显示出明显的南北和东西鸿沟，近年来没有明显缩小的迹象。然而，对欧洲大陆电力系统的研究通常假设资本成本是均匀的。本文的目的是探讨如何在资本成本的地区差异影响这些研究的结果，电力系统的最优设计。我们的分析是基于电力系统优化与非均匀的资本成本在欧洲。我们发现，假设同质资本成本导致估计的平准化成本的电力在一个高度可再生的欧洲电力系统，这是过于保守。与非均匀情况相比，最优系统设计受到显著影响。特别是，我们表明，资本成本的不均匀有利于整体风力发电部署在欧洲的情况下，而在太阳能发电的投资减少。
英文摘要：
In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of the power sector, high shares of renewable power sources need to be integrated into existing systems. This will require vast amounts of investments. Cost of the capital needed for these investments are unevenly distributed among European regions. They show a clear North-South and West-East divide, which has not exhibited significant signs of narrowing in recent years. Power system studies investigating a continent-wide European power system, however, usually assume homogeneous cost of capital. The objective of this paper is to investigate how regional differences in cost of capital affect the result of these studies with respect to the optimal power system design. Our analysis is based on power system optimization with inhomogeneous cost of capital in Europe. We find that assuming homogeneous cost of capital leads to estimates on the levelized costs of electricity in a highly renewable European power system, which are too conservative. The optimal system design is significantly affected compared to an inhomogeneous scenario. In particular, we show that inhomogeneous cost of capital favors overall wind power deployment in the case of Europe, while the investment in solar power decreases.
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