科学的修辞结构？文章标题的多学科分析
The rhetorical structure of science? A multidisciplinary analysis of article headings
摘要：
有效的结构有助于文章传达其核心信息。最佳结构取决于要传达的信息和受众的期望。在当前日益跨学科的时代，结构规范可能会让科学文章的作者、审稿人和读者感到困惑。尽管如此，没有先前的研究试图评估所有学科学术论文结构的变化。本文报告了PubMed Central开放获取数据库中超过100万篇研究文章常用的标题，涵盖了22个涵盖所有学术界的大类和176个窄类中的172个。结果表明，没有标题是接近无处不在的任何广泛的领域，并有很大的差异，在何种程度上，大多数标题的使用。在人文学科中，标题可以完全避免。因此，研究人员在阅读、撰写和审查文章时，应该注意那些不熟悉但却合法的结构。
英文摘要：
An effective structure helps an article to convey its core message. The optimal structure depends on the information to be conveyed and the expectations of the audience. In the current increasingly interdisciplinary era, structural norms can be confusing to the authors, reviewers and audiences of scientific articles. Despite this, no prior study has attempted to assess variations in the structure of academic papers across all disciplines. This article reports on the headings commonly used by over 1 million research articles from the PubMed Central Open Access collection, spanning 22 broad categories covering all academia and 172 out of 176 narrow categories. The results suggest that no headings are close to ubiquitous in any broad field and that there are substantial differences in the extent to which most headings are used. In the humanities, headings may be avoided altogether. Researchers should therefore be aware of unfamiliar structures that are nevertheless legitimate when reading, writing and reviewing articles.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
