超流回路的定量声学模型
Quantitative acoustic models for superfluid circuits
摘要：
我们在超冷原子量子气体中实验实现了一个高度可调谐的超流振荡器电路，并发展和验证了该电路的一个简单的集总元件描述。在低振荡器电流，我们证明了电路被准确地描述为亥姆霍兹谐振器，声学电路的基本要素。在较大的电流，亥姆霍兹制度的崩溃预示着湍流脱落的旋涡和密度波。虽然一个简单的相位滑移模型提供了定性的见解电路的电阻行为，我们的研究结果表明偏离相位滑移模型。因此，要充分理解超流回路中的耗散，就需要建立该系统中湍流动力学的经验模型，就像经典声学系统中已经建立的模型一样。
英文摘要：
We experimentally realize a highly tunable superfluid oscillator circuit in a quantum gas of ultracold atoms and develop and verify a simple lumped-element description of this circuit. At low oscillator currents, we demonstrate that the circuit is accurately described as a Helmholtz resonator, a fundamental element of acoustic circuits. At larger currents, the breakdown of the Helmholtz regime is heralded by a turbulent shedding of vortices and density waves. Although a simple phase-slip model offers qualitative insights into the circuit's resistive behavior, our results indicate deviations from the phase-slip model. A full understanding of the dissipation in superfluid circuits will thus require the development of empirical models of the turbulent dynamics in this system, as have been developed for classical acoustic systems.
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