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arXiv 1902.10219astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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Cosmic-Ray流动不稳定性的磁流体动力学粒子模拟:线性增长和准线性演化

Magnetohydrodynamic-Particle-in-Cell Simulations of the Cosmic-Ray Streaming Instability: Linear Growth and Quasi-linear Evolution

Xue-Ning Bai, Eve C. Ostriker, Illya Plotnikov, James M. Stone

摘要:

回旋共振宇宙线(CR)流不稳定性被认为在CR传输中起着至关重要的作用,导致小尺度下的阿尔文波的增长,散射CR,并影响CR与ISM的相互作用。然而,极端尺度分离($λ\ll \rm pc$),低宇宙线数密度($n_{\rm CR}/n_{\rm ISM} \sim 10^{-9}$),和弱CR各向异性($\sim v_A/c$)提出了强大的挑战,适当的数值研究这种不稳定性的微物理水平。采用最近开发的磁流体动力学粒子在细胞(MHD-PIC)的方法,它具有独特的优势,以减轻这些问题,我们进行一维模拟,定量地证明了增长和饱和的不稳定性的参数制度符合现实的CR流在大规模ISM。我们的实施的$δf$方法大大降低了泊松噪声,使我们能够准确地捕捉波的增长在一个广泛的频谱,平等地共享之间的左手和右手阿尔文模式。我们也能够准确地遵循准线性扩散的CR波的增长,这是通过采用相位随机化周期性边界。波系中CR的完全各向同性要求大多数CR的俯仰角有效地穿过$90^\circ$,并且可以在具有相对高的波振幅和/或高空间分辨率的模拟中捕获。我们通过调查个人CR轨迹,将这种交叉归因于非线性波粒相互作用(而不是镜面反射)。我们预计,我们的方法将为未来的研究开辟机会,包括额外的物理。

英文摘要:

The gyro-resonant cosmic-ray (CR) streaming instability is believed to play a crucial role in CR transport, leading to growth of Alfvén waves at small scales that scatter CRs, and impacts the interaction of CRs with the ISM on large scales. However, extreme scale separation ($λ\ll \rm pc$), low cosmic ray number density ($n_{\rm CR}/n_{\rm ISM} \sim 10^{-9}$), and weak CR anisotropy ($\sim v_A/c$) pose strong challenges for proper numerical studies of this instability on a microphysical level. Employing the recently developed magnetohydrodynamic-particle-in-cell (MHD-PIC) method, which has unique advantages to alleviate these issues, we conduct one-dimensional simulations that quantitatively demonstrate the growth and saturation of the instability in the parameter regime consistent with realistic CR streaming in the large-scale ISM. Our implementation of the $δf$ method dramatically reduces Poisson noise and enables us to accurately capture wave growth over a broad spectrum, equally shared between left and right handed Alfvén modes. We are also able to accurately follow the quasi-linear diffusion of CRs subsequent to wave growth, which is achieved by employing phase randomization across periodic boundaries. Full isotropization of the CRs in the wave frame requires pitch angles of most CRs to efficiently cross $90^\circ$, and can be captured in simulations with relatively high wave amplitude and/or high spatial resolution. We attribute this crossing to non-linear wave-particle interaction (rather than mirror reflection) by investigating individual CR trajectories. We anticipate our methodology will open up opportunities for future investigations that incorporate additional physics.

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