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arXiv 1902.10073q-bio.NCcs.NE
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基于静息态fMRI数据的因果影响强度诊断自闭症谱系障碍

Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder by Causal Influence Strength Learned from Resting-State fMRI Data

Biwei Huang, Kun Zhang, Ruben Sanchez-Romero, Joseph Ramsey, Madelyn Glymour, Clark Glymour

摘要:

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是影响儿童的主要发育障碍之一。最近,有人假设ASD与非典型的大脑连接有关。大量的研究使用皮尔逊相关系数、互信息或偏相关来研究ASD与功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)的典型对照之间的脑连接差异。然而,相关性或部分相关性并不能直接揭示大脑区域之间的因果影响--信息流。与相关性相比,因果关系确定了关键的连通性特征,并删除了用于诊断的冗余特征。在本文中,我们提出了一个两步的方法,从功能磁共振成像的大规模和循环的因果发现。它可以识别大脑的因果结构,而无需进行干预实验。习得的因果结构以及因果影响强度为我们提供了信息流的路径和有效性。以恢复的因果影响强度作为候选特征,通过进一步的特征选择和分类进行ASD诊断。我们将我们的方法应用于自闭症脑成像数据交换(ABIDE)的三个数据集。从实验结果来看,它表明,与因果联系,诊断准确率大大提高。更仔细的检查表明,从上前回到默认模式网络和后部区域的信息流大大减少。此外,所有增强的信息流都是从后向前或在局部区域内。总体而言,它表明,长期影响比本地影响减少的比例更大,而本地影响比长期影响增加的比例更大。通过对大脑因果结构的图形特性的研究,ASD组表现出减少的小世界性。

英文摘要:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the major developmental disorders affecting children. Recently, it has been hypothesized that ASD is associated with atypical brain connectivities. A substantial body of researches use Pearson's correlation coefficients, mutual information, or partial correlation to investigate the differences in brain connectivities between ASD and typical controls from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). However, correlation or partial correlation does not directly reveal causal influences - the information flow - between brain regions. Comparing to correlation, causality pinpoints the key connectivity characteristics and removes redundant features for diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a two-step method for large-scale and cyclic causal discovery from fMRI. It can identify brain causal structures without doing interventional experiments. The learned causal structure, as well as the causal influence strength, provides us the path and effectiveness of information flow. With the recovered causal influence strength as candidate features, we then perform ASD diagnosis by further doing feature selection and classification. We apply our methods to three datasets from Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE). From experimental results, it shows that with causal connectivities, the diagnostic accuracy largely improves. A closer examination shows that information flows starting from the superior front gyrus to default mode network and posterior areas are largely reduced. Moreover, all enhanced information flows are from posterior to anterior or in local areas. Overall, it shows that long-range influences have a larger proportion of reductions than local ones, while local influences have a larger proportion of increases than long-range ones. By examining the graph properties of brain causal structure, the group of ASD shows reduced small-worldness.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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