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arXiv 1902.09183cs.CL
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基于多领域联合学习的简答题自动评分

Joint Multi-Domain Learning for Automatic Short Answer Grading

IBM Research - India(IBM印度研究院);Pearson(培生集团);Queensland University of Technology(昆士兰科技大学);Anudip Foundation(阿努迪普基金会)

Swarnadeep Saha, Tejas I. Dhamecha, Smit Marvaniya, Peter Foltz, Renuka Sindhgatta, Bikram Sengupta

摘要:

构建任何智能辅导系统的基本挑战之一是它能够自动对简短的学生答案进行评分。典型的自动简答评分系统(ASAG)跨多个领域(或科目)对学生的答案进行评分。对学生答案进行分级需要构建一个监督机器学习模型,该模型评估学生答案与参考答案的相似性。我们观察到,与典型的文本相似性或蕴涵任务不同,相似性的概念在这里并不普遍。一方面,语言的类短语结构可以指示独立于域的相似性。另一方面,两个单词或短语,彼此不是严格的同义词,在某些领域可能意味着相同。基于这一观察,我们提出了JMD-ASAG,这是第一个用于自动简短答案分级的联合多领域深度学习架构,通过从有限的领域训练数据中学习通用和特定领域方面来执行领域自适应。JMD-ASAG不仅可以学习特定领域的特征,而且可以通过从特定任务数据本身学习类属特征来克服对大型语料库的依赖。在一个大规模的行业数据集和基准数据集上,我们表明我们的模型比现有的技术表现得更好,这些技术要么学习特定领域的模型,要么从大型语料库中适应通用的相似性评分模型。此外,在基准数据集上,我们报告了所有现有非神经和神经模型的最新结果。

英文摘要:

One of the fundamental challenges towards building any intelligent tutoring system is its ability to automatically grade short student answers. A typical automatic short answer grading system (ASAG) grades student answers across multiple domains (or subjects). Grading student answers requires building a supervised machine learning model that evaluates the similarity of the student answer with the reference answer(s). We observe that unlike typical textual similarity or entailment tasks, the notion of similarity is not universal here. On one hand, para-phrasal constructs of the language can indicate similarity independent of the domain. On the other hand, two words, or phrases, that are not strict synonyms of each other, might mean the same in certain domains. Building on this observation, we propose JMD-ASAG, the first joint multidomain deep learning architecture for automatic short answer grading that performs domain adaptation by learning generic and domain-specific aspects from the limited domain-wise training data. JMD-ASAG not only learns the domain-specific characteristics but also overcomes the dependence on a large corpus by learning the generic characteristics from the task-specific data itself. On a large-scale industry dataset and a benchmarking dataset, we show that our model performs significantly better than existing techniques which either learn domain-specific models or adapt a generic similarity scoring model from a large corpus. Further, on the benchmarking dataset, we report state-of-the-art results against all existing non-neural and neural models.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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