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arXiv 1902.08714quant-phmath-phmath.MP
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二能级系统约化动力学的一般对称性

General symmetry in the reduced dynamics of two-level system

B. A. Tay

摘要:

研究了二能级系统的密度矩阵在保持观测值期望值不变的条件下的一般变换。我们引入了一组生成器,产生厄米性和保迹一般变换,转换成简单的形式。一般变换一般不是因式分解的,也不是完全正的。因此,需要限制变换参数或其作用的密度矩阵。它可以在关于其参数的向前和向后方向上变换系统,而不是作为动力学映射的时间平移对称性中的半群。广义变换可以使Bloch矢量作圆周或双曲线旋转,也可以使Bloch矢量作伸缩或平移,我们应用广义变换研究了二能级系统中振幅阻尼和相位阻尼的广义对称性。我们将生成器推广到更高层次的系统。

英文摘要:

We study general transformation on the density matrix of two-level system that keeps the expectation value of observable invariant. We introduce a set of generators that yields hermiticity and trace preserving general transformation which casts the transformation into simple form. The general transformation is in general not factorized and not completely positive. Consequently, either the parameter of transformation or the density matrix it acts on needs to be restricted. It can transform the system in the forward and backward direction with regard to its parameter, not as a semigroup in the time translation symmetry of dynamical maps. The general transformation can rotate the Bloch vector circularly or hyperbolically, dilate it or translate it. We apply the general transformation to study the general symmetry of amplitude damping and phase damping in two-level system. We generalize the generators to higher level systems.

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