评价过滤技术以提高地面望远镜气象预报的可靠性
Evaluation of filtering techniques to increase the reliability of meteo forecasts for ground-based telescopes
摘要：
在这篇文章中，我们评估了滤波技术在提高地面望远镜光学湍流和大气参数预测精度方面的影响。这些技术利用望远镜传感器和仪器不断提供的数据来改进实时预报的性能，这对望远镜的运行有影响。在以前的工作中，我们已经展示了中尺度高频预报（中-NH和Astro-Meso-Nh模型）如何能够对不同的大气参数和光学湍流进行可靠的预测。中尺度预报在全球模式上的优势在于更好地实现物理大气过程，包括湍流，并产生具有更大空间分辨率（高达100米或更高）的输出。利用望远镜实时传感器数据的过滤技术可能有助于消除对短期中尺度预报产生影响的潜在偏差和趋势，因此可能提高最终输出的准确性。考虑到目前和未来顶级望远镜装置的复杂性和成本，对未来观测条件的预测的每一次改进肯定将有助于更好地分配观测时间，特别是在共享模式操作中，并且肯定将在中长期内使科学界受益。
英文摘要：
In this contribution we evaluate the impact of filtering techniques in enhancing the accuracy of forecasts of optical turbulence and atmospheric parameters critical for ground-based telescopes. These techniques make use of the data continuously provided by the telescope sensors and instruments to improve the performances of real-time forecasts which have an impact on the telescope operation. In previous works we have already shown how a mesoscale high-frequency forecast (Meso-NH and Astro-Meso-Nh models) can produce reliable predictions of different atmospheric parameters and the optical turbulence. The mesoscale forecast has an advantage on the global model in having a better implementation of the physical atmospheric processes, including turbulence, and produces an output with greater spatial resolution (up to 100m or beyond). Filtering techniques that make use of the real-time sensor data at the telescope may help in removing potential biases and trends which have an impact on short term mesoscale forecast and, as a consequence, may increase the accuracy of the final output. Given the complexity and cost of present and future top-class telescope installations, each improvement of forecasts of future observing conditions will definitely help in better allocating observing time, especially in queue-mode operation, and will definitely benefit the scientific community in medium-long term.
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