动态促进理论：一种动态阻滞的统计力学方法
Dynamic facilitation theory: A statistical mechanics approach to dynamic arrest
摘要：
过冷液体接近动态制动的建模有着悠久的传统，这是通过大量的竞争理论方法记录下来的。在这里，我们回顾了过冷液体的动态“缺陷”，也称为激励或软点，能够维持运动的建模。为此，我们考虑一个最小的统计力学描述的活动区域与序参量有关的典型大小。这是亚当-吉布斯和动力学促进理论的基础，它们在液体冷却时的弛豫机制不同：越来越多的粒子的集体运动与越来越大的长度尺度上的协调分层运动。对于后者，动态逮捕是可能的，而无需增长的静态相关长度，我们勾勒出一个关键结果的推导：抛物线律的结构弛豫时间。我们批判性地讨论主张不断增长的静态长度，并认为由此产生的钉扎和介电弛豫的情况下，实际上是兼容的动态促进。
英文摘要：
The modeling of supercooled liquids approaching dynamic arrest has a long tradition, which is documented through a plethora of competing theoretical approaches. Here, we review the modeling of supercooled liquids in terms of dynamic "defects", also called excitations or soft spots, that are able to sustain motion. To this end, we consider a minimal statistical mechanics description in terms of active regions with the order parameter related to their typical size. This is the basis for both Adam-Gibbs and dynamical facilitation theory, which differ in their relaxation mechanism as the liquid is cooled: collective motion of more and more particles vs. concerted hierarchical motion over larger and larger length scales. For the latter, dynamic arrest is possible without a growing static correlation length, and we sketch the derivation of a key result: the parabolic law for the structural relaxation time. We critically discuss claims in favor of a growing static length and argue that the resulting scenarios for pinning and dielectric relaxation are in fact compatible with dynamic facilitation.
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