BSE与StarTrack：在NBODY7中实施新的风、残余物形成和自然反冲方案，以及它们的天体物理学结果
BSE versus StarTrack: implementations of new wind, remnant-formation, and natal-kick schemes in NBODY7 and their astrophysical consequences
摘要：
恒星残骸黑洞（BH）的质量是通过大质量的单恒星演化和双星演化形成的，在双星黑洞（BBH）和双星中子星（BNS）合并的引力波探测时代，它们的质量是非常令人感兴趣的。在这里，我们介绍了N体演化计划NBODY 7在恒星残骸形成和相关计划方面的新进展。我们证明了在NBODY 7代码的BSE扇区中新实现的星风和残余形成方案，例如“快速”和“延迟”超新星（SN）方案以及脉冲对不稳定性和对不稳定性超新星的实现，（PPSN/PSN），现在产生的中子星（NS）和BH质量几乎完全一致，在大范围的零年龄主序列（ZAMS）质量和金属丰度，与那些从星轨人口合成计划。我们还展示了新的实现的各种natal-kick机制的NS和BH，如“对流不对称驱动的”，“反对称驱动的”，和“中微子发射驱动的”踢，除了一个完全一致的实施标准的，依赖于后备，动量守恒natalkick。我们发现，SN材料回落导致对流不对称踢有效地保留类似的数量和质量的BH集群的标准，动量守恒踢。不对称反冲将导致几乎所有的黑洞都保留在星系团中，而不管残留物形成模型和金属丰度如何，而GC中大量黑洞的推断可能会排除中微子驱动的反冲机制。大质量原始双星的前SN合并会导致BH质量偏离单星ZAMS质量-残余质量关系。这样的合并，在低金属丰度下，可以在PSN质量间隙内产生低自旋的BH，这些BH可以保留在星团中。
英文摘要：
The masses of stellar-remnant black holes (BH), as a result of their formation via massive single- and binary-stellar evolution, is of high interest in this era of gravitational-wave detection from binary black hole (BBH) and binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. Here we present new developments in the N-body evolution program NBODY7 in regards to its stellar-remnant formation and related schemes. We demonstrate that the newly-implemented stellar-wind and remnant-formation schemes in the NBODY7 code's BSE sector, such as the 'rapid' and the 'delayed' supernova (SN) schemes along with an implementation of pulsational-pair-instability and pair-instability supernova (PPSN/PSN), now produces neutron star (NS) and BH masses that agree nearly perfectly, over large ranges of zero-age-main sequence (ZAMS) mass and metallicity, with those from the StarTrack population-synthesis program. We also demonstrate the new implementations of various natal-kick mechanisms on NSs and BHs such as the 'convection-asymmetry-driven', 'collapse-asymmetry-driven', and 'neutrino-emission-driven' kicks, in addition to a fully consistent implementation of the standard, fallback-dependent, momentum-conserving natal kick. We find that the SN material fallback causes the convection-asymmetry kick to effectively retain similar number and mass of BHs in clusters as for the standard, momentum-conserving kick. The collapse-asymmetry kick would cause nearly all BHs to retain in clusters irrespective of remnant formation model and metallicity, whereas the inference of a large number of BHs in GCs would potentially rule out the neutrino-driven kick mechanism. Pre-SN mergers of massive primordial binaries would cause BH masses to deviate from the single-star ZAMS mass-remnant mass relation. Such mergers, at low metallicities, can produce low-spinning BHs within the PSN mass gap that can be retained in a stellar cluster.
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