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arXiv 1902.07435cond-mat.soft
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球形活性布朗粒子非均匀系统中的局部应力与压力

Local stress and pressure in an inhomogeneous system of spherical active Brownian particles

Shibananda Das, Gerhard Gompper, Roland G. Winkler

AI总结:

本文推导了球形活性布朗粒子(ABPs)系统局部体积的应力表达式,通过位力定理获得动量通量与体相应力两种等价形式,并证明主动应力源于动量传递而非边界效应,验证了该系统存在状态方程。

摘要:

流体对约束壁面的应力由机械壁面力给出,与流体是被动还是主动的性质无关。在热平衡状态下,系统存在状态方程,应力同样可由内在体相性质获得;甚至,应力可以在局部进行计算。对于主动系统,若要获得类似的局部描述,需要对主动力进行特别的考量。在此,我们推导了球形活性布朗粒子(ABPs)系统施加在局部体积上的应力表达式。利用位力定理,我们得到了两个相同的应力表达式:一个是穿过假想平面的动量通量引起的应力,另一个是局部体积内部的体相应力。在第一种情况下,类似于欠阻尼被动系统中的动量传递,我们获得了主动力对动量传递的贡献,并引入了主动动量的概念。在第二种情况下,我们推导出了泳动应力的普适表达式。通过模拟,我们证明了对于无相互作用的ABPs以及具有排除体积相互作用的ABPs,局部体相应力均与受限系统的壁面应力相同。这凸显了球形ABPs系统存在状态方程的事实。最重要的是,我们的计算表明主动应力并非壁面(边界)效应,而是由动量传递引起的。我们证明了所推导的应力表达式能够计算非均匀ABPs系统中的局部应力。

英文摘要:

The stress of a fluid on a confining wall is given by the mechanical wall forces, independent of the nature of the fluid being passive or active. At thermal equilibrium, an equation of state exists and stress is likewise obtained from intrinsic bulk properties; even more, stress can be calculated locally. Comparable local descriptions for active systems require a particular consideration of active forces. Here, we derive expressions for the stress exerted on a local volume of a systems of spherical active Brownian particles (ABPs). Using the virial theorem, we obtain two identical stress expressions, a stress due to momentum flux across a hypothetical plane, and a bulk stress inside of the local volume. In the first case, we obtain an active contribution to momentum transport in analogy to momentum transport in an underdamped passive system, and we introduce an active momentum. In the second case, a generally valid expression for the swim stress is derived. By simulations, we demonstrate that the local bulk stress is identical to the wall stress of a confined system for both, non-interacting ABPs as well as ABPs with excluded-volume interactions. This underlines the existence of an equation of state for a system of spherical ABPs. Most importantly, our calculations demonstrated that active stress is not a wall (boundary) effect, but is caused by momentum transport. We demonstrate that the derived stress expression permits the calculation of the local stress in inhomogeneous systems of ABPs.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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