膨胀宇宙中非相对论孤子的形成、引力成团和相互作用
Formation, Gravitational Clustering and Interactions of Non-relativistic Solitons in an Expanding Universe
摘要：
研究了膨胀宇宙中自相互作用非相对论性标量场中孤子的形成、引力成团和相互作用。大量孤子的快速形成是由场的吸引自相互作用驱动的，而孤子的缓慢聚集是由引力驱动的。在引力的驱使下，我们看到了孤子“气体”中丰富的动力学过程，包括合并、散射和孤子双星的形成。数值模拟的补充分析计算和估计（i）相关的不稳定性长度和时间尺度，（ii）个人孤子的配置文件和他们的稳定性，（iii）产生的孤子的数密度，和（iv）两个点的关联函数的孤子位置作为证据的引力集群。
英文摘要：
We investigate the formation, gravitational clustering and interactions of solitons in a self-interacting, non-relativistic scalar field in an expanding universe. Rapid formation of large number of solitons is driven by attractive self-interactions of the field, whereas the slower clustering of solitons is driven by gravitational forces. Driven closer together by gravity, we see a rich plethora of dynamics in the soliton "gas" including mergers, scatterings and formation of soliton binaries. The numerical simulations are complemented by analytic calculations and estimates of (i) the relevant instability length and time scales, (ii) individual soliton profiles and their stability, (iii) number density of produced solitons, and (iv) the two point correlation function of soliton positions as evidence for gravitational clustering.
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