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arXiv 1902.06359cs.CR
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可扩展和隐私保护的链上/链下智能合约设计

Scalable and Privacy-preserving Design of On/Off-chain Smart Contracts

Chao Li, Balaji Palanisamy, Runhua Xu

摘要:

以太坊等智能合约系统的兴起导致了基于区块链的去中心化应用程序的激增,包括存储和管理各种数据的应用程序。目前的智能合约仅由矿工执行,并完全在链上显示,导致可扩展性和隐私性降低。在本文中,我们讨论了智能合约的可扩展性和隐私性可以通过将给定合约拆分为链下合约和链上合约来增强。具体而言,涉及高成本计算或敏感信息的合约功能可以被拆分并包括为链下合约,仅由感兴趣的参与者签署和执行。所提出的方法允许参与者在所有人都诚实时在链下达成一致协议,从而节省矿工的计算资源,并对公众隐藏链下合同的内容。在任何不诚实的参与者引起争议的情况下,可以透露链下合同的签名副本,以便可以创建经过验证的实例,使矿工强制执行真实的执行结果。因此,诚实的参与者有能力纠正和惩罚任何欺诈或不诚实的行为,这激励所有参与者诚实地遵守商定的链下合同。我们讨论了将合同拆分为一对链上/链下合同的技术,并提出了一种机制来解决处理系统中不诚实参与者的挑战。我们使用示例智能合约对所提出的方法进行了实施和评估,证明了所提出的方法在以太坊中的有效性。

英文摘要:

The rise of smart contract systems such as Ethereum has resulted in a proliferation of blockchain-based decentralized applications including applications that store and manage a wide range of data. Current smart contracts are designed to be executed solely by miners and are revealed entirely on-chain, resulting in reduced scalability and privacy. In this paper, we discuss that scalability and privacy of smart contracts can be enhanced by splitting a given contract into an off-chain contract and an on-chain contract. Specifically, functions of the contract that involve high-cost computation or sensitive information can be split and included as the off-chain contract, that is signed and executed by only the interested participants. The proposed approach allows the participants to reach unanimous agreement off-chain when all of them are honest, allowing computing resources of miners to be saved and content of the off-chain contract to be hidden from the public. In case of a dispute caused by any dishonest participants, a signed copy of the off-chain contract can be revealed so that a verified instance can be created to make miners enforce the true execution result. Thus, honest participants have the ability to redress and penalize any fraudulent or dishonest behavior, which incentivizes all participants to honestly follow the agreed off-chain contract. We discuss techniques for splitting a contract into a pair of on/off-chain contracts and propose a mechanism to address the challenges of handling dishonest participants in the system. Our implementation and evaluation of the proposed approach using an example smart contract demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in Ethereum.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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