SOPHIE搜寻北系外行星。XIV。一颗围绕着附近恒星Gliese 411的温带（$T_\mathrm{eq}\sim 300$ K）超级地球
The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets. XIV. A temperate ($T_\mathrm{eq}\sim 300$ K) super-earth around the nearby star Gliese 411
摘要：
根据SOPHIE摄谱仪的测量结果，报道了M矮星G1 411的周期性径向速度变化。目前的数据不允许我们区分12.95天的周期和1.08天的一天别名，但稍微倾向于前者。速度变化的幅度为1.6 m/s，这是迄今为止使用SOPHIE检测到的最低幅度信号。我们对信号的意义及其来源进行了详细的分析，包括用不相关和相关噪声进行了广泛的模拟，这些噪声代表了恒星活动引起的信号。信号被显著检测到，所有测试的结果都指向它的行星起源。此外，目前的数据表明，在速度时间序列中存在一个额外的加速度。另一方面，以前报道的信号周期为9.9天，在这颗恒星的HIRES速度检测，没有恢复在索菲数据。对HIRES数据集的独立分析也未能揭示9.9天的信号。如果12.95天的周期是真实的，那么SOPHIE探测到的信号幅度意味着存在一颗行星，称为Gl 411 b，最小质量约为3个地球质量，在距离0.079 AU的距离上绕着它的恒星运行。这颗行星接受的日射量大约是地球的3.5倍，这意味着它的平衡温度在255 K到350 K之间，这使得它太热了，不适合在宜居带。在距离只有2.5 pc的地方，Gl 411 b是迄今为止探测到的第三个最近的低质量行星。它靠近地球，将允许在未来十年内结合高对比度成像和高色散光谱来探测其大气层。
英文摘要：
Periodic radial velocity variations in the nearby M-dwarf star Gl411 are reported, based on measurements with the SOPHIE spectrograph. Current data do not allow us to distinguish between a 12.95-day period and its one-day alias at 1.08 days, but favour the former slightly. The velocity variation has an amplitude of 1.6 m/s, making this the lowest-amplitude signal detected with SOPHIE up to now. We have performed a detailed analysis of the significance of the signal and its origin, including extensive simulations with both uncorrelated and correlated noise, representing the signal induced by stellar activity. The signal is significantly detected, and the results from all tests point to its planetary origin. Additionally, the presence of an additional acceleration in the velocity time series is suggested by the current data. On the other hand, a previously reported signal with a period of 9.9 days, detected in HIRES velocities of this star, is not recovered in the SOPHIE data. An independent analysis of the HIRES dataset also fails to unveil the 9.9-day signal. If the 12.95-day period is the real one, the amplitude of the signal detected with SOPHIE implies the presence of a planet, called Gl411 b, with a minimum mass of around three Earth masses, orbiting its star at a distance of 0.079 AU. The planet receives about 3.5 times the insolation received by Earth, which implies an equilibrium temperature between 255 K and 350 K, and makes it too hot to be in the habitable zone. At a distance of only 2.5 pc, Gl411 b, is the third closest low-mass planet detected to date. Its proximity to Earth will permit probing its atmosphere with a combination of high-contrast imaging and high-dispersion spectroscopy in the next decade.
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