竞争驱动的生物复杂性进化
Competition-driven evolution of organismal complexity
摘要：
形态进化的不均匀速率和生物体复杂性的进化增加，在“适应区”，“间断平衡”和“大口径手枪模式”等隐喻中被捕获，需要比简单的突变逐渐积累更详细的解释。在这里，我们认为，非均匀的进化表型复杂性的增加，可以引起的阈值样的反应不断增长的生态压力，在给定的复杂性水平的进化多样化。获得一个新的表型特征允许一个进化的物种逃避这种压力，但通常可以预期携带显着的生理成本。因此，生态压力应该超过一定的水平，使这样的收购进化成功。我们提出了一个详细的定量描述，这一过程中使用的微进化竞争模型作为一个例子。该模型表现出连续增加的表型复杂性驱动的多样化在现有水平的复杂性和由此产生的竞争压力的增加，这可以推动一个不断发展的物种的生理成本的障碍，新的表型功能。
英文摘要：
Non-uniform rates of morphological evolution and evolutionary increases in organismal complexity, captured in metaphors like "adaptive zones", "punctuated equilibrium" and "blunderbuss patterns", require more elaborate explanations than a simple gradual accumulation of mutations. Here we argue that non-uniform evolutionary increases in phenotypic complexity can be caused by a threshold-like response to growing ecological pressures resulting from evolutionary diversification at a given level of complexity. Acquisition of a new phenotypic feature allows an evolving species to escape this pressure but can typically be expected to carry significant physiological costs. Therefore, the ecological pressure should exceed a certain level to make such an acquisition evolutionarily successful. We present a detailed quantitative description of this process using a microevolutionary competition model as an example. The model exhibits sequential increases in phenotypic complexity driven by diversification at existing levels of complexity and the resulting increase in competitive pressure, which can push an evolving species over the barrier of physiological costs of new phenotypic features.
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