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arXiv 1902.05098astro-ph.GA
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Herschel水映射朝向黑洞Sgr A附近 *

Herschel water maps towards the vicinity of the black hole Sgr A*

J. Armijos-Abendaño, J. Martín-Pintado, M. A. Requena-Torres, E. González-Alfonso, R. Güsten, A. Weiß, A. I. Harris, F. P. Israel, C. Kramer, J. Stutzki, P. van der Werf

摘要:

目的:研究银河系中心(GC)围绕Sgr A* 的~64 pc $^2$区域水辐射的空间分布和运动学。我们还分析了水的激发,推导出的物理条件和水的丰度在CND和“静止的云”。研究方法:我们提出了积分强度图的邻1 $_{10}-1_{01}$,和对位2 $_{02}-1_{11}$和1 $_{11}-0_{00}$水跃迁观察与Herschel的HIFI仪器。为了研究水的激发,我们使用基态邻位和对位H $_2^{18}$ O跃迁。在我们的研究中,我们还使用了SPIRE连续测量的CND。使用非LTE辐射传输代码,水线剖面和灰尘连续体进行了建模。我们还使用了一个旋转环模型,以再现CND运动学的PV图所表示的。结果:我们确定的水排放所产生的CND,西方流光,和20和50公里的$^{-1}$云。正交水图显示了[-220,10] km s $^{-1}$范围内的吸收结构。PV图显示2 $_{02}-1_{11}$ H $_2$ O发射跟踪CND。计算了CND云的高X $_{H_2O}$为$\sim$(0.1-1.3)$\times$ 10 $^{-5}$,VPDMATHABMX为14-23 km s $^{-1}$,TPDMATHABMY为15-45 K,20 km s $^{-1}$云的低X $_{\rm H_2O}$为4 $\times$ 10 $^{-8}$,VPDMATHABMX为9 km s $^{-1}$.碰撞激发和尘埃效应是负责在西南瓣的CND和20公里秒的$^{-1}$云的水激发,而只有碰撞可以解释在东北瓣的CND的水激发。我们认为,CND中的水蒸气是由10-20 km/s $^{-1}$的冲击造成的颗粒溅射造成的,高温和宇宙射线化学加上PDR化学也有一定的贡献。低X $_{\rm H_2O}$派生的20公里秒$^{-1}$云可能是部分的水冻结的结果。

英文摘要:

Aims: We study the spatial distribution and kinematics of water emission in a ~64 pc$^2$ region of the Galactic Center (GC) around Sgr A*. We also analyze the water excitation to derive the physical conditions and water abundances in the CND and the `quiescent clouds'. Methods: We presented the integrated intensity maps of the ortho 1$_{10}-1_{01}$, and para 2$_{02}-1_{11}$ and 1$_{11}-0_{00}$ water transitions observed with the HIFI instrument on board Herschel. To study the water excitation we used ground state ortho and para H$_2^{18}$O transitions. In our study, we also used SPIRE continuum measurements of the CND. Using a non-LTE radiative transfer code, the water line profiles and dust continuum were modeled. We also used a rotating ring model to reproduce the CND kinematics represented by the PV diagram. Results: We identify the water emission arising from the CND, the Western Streamer, and the 20 and 50 km s$^{-1}$ clouds. The ortho water maps show absorption structures in the range of [-220,10] km s$^{-1}$. The PV diagram shows that the 2$_{02}-1_{11}$ H$_2$O emission traces the CND. We derive high X$_{H_2O}$ of $\sim$(0.1-1.3)$\times$10$^{-5}$, V$_t$ of 14-23 km s$^{-1}$ and T$_d$ of 15-45 K for the CND, and the lower X$_{\rm H_2O}$ of 4$\times$10$^{-8}$ and V$_t$ of 9 km s$^{-1}$ for the 20 km s$^{-1}$ cloud. Collisional excitation and dust effects are responsible for the water excitation in the southwest lobe of the CND and the 20 km s$^{-1}$ cloud, whereas only collisions can account for the water excitation in the northeast lobe of the CND. We propose that the water vapor in the CND is caused by grain sputtering by shocks of 10-20 km s$^{-1}$, with some contribution of high temperature and cosmic-ray chemistries plus a PDR chemistry. The low X$_{\rm H_2O}$ derived for the 20 km s$^{-1}$ cloud could be partially a consequence of the water freeze-out on grains.

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