在导致圣帕特里克节风暴的巨大地球效应太阳爆发中微小的增亮作用
The Role of a Tiny Brightening in a Huge Geo-effective Solar Eruption Leading to the St Patrick's Day Storm
摘要：
第24太阳活动周中最大的磁暴是由一次快速的日冕物质抛射（CME）引起的，它与2015年3月15日发生在太阳活动区（AR）NOAA 12297的一次小型C9.1耀斑有关。本研究的目的是了解地球有效的巨大太阳爆发的启动机制。我们关注的是发生在暗条爆发的C9.1耀斑之前的C2.4耀斑。AR中的磁场结构很复杂：有几个细丝，包括爆发并导致CME的细丝。因此，我们仔细研究了光球磁场，在太阳大气中观察到的增亮，和三维日冕磁场外推的非线性无力场模型，使用数据从日出和太阳动力学天文台。我们发现了三个有趣的点：（1）在C2.4耀斑区域有一个紧凑但明显高度扭曲的磁场结构，由一个小的灯丝代表，在C2.4耀斑之前观察到一个微小的前体增亮。(2)C2.4耀斑区位于封闭场的足点附近，该足点阻止暗条爆发。(3)暗条在C2.4耀斑后突然爆发，并伴随着小暗条爆发。从我们的分析，我们认为，一个小的磁扰动，代表了微小的前体增亮时的C2.4耀斑是有关的触发巨大的灯丝喷发。
英文摘要：
The largest magnetic storm in solar cycle 24 was caused by a fast coronal mass ejection (CME) that was related to a small C9.1 flare that occurred on 15 March 2015 in solar active region (AR) NOAA 12297. The purpose of this study is to understand the onset mechanism of the geo-effective huge solar eruption. We focused on the C2.4 flare that occurred prior to the C9.1 flare of the filament eruption. The magnetic field structure in the AR was complicated: there were several filaments including the one that erupted and caused the CME. We hence carefully investigated the photospheric magnetic field, brightenings observed in the solar atmosphere, and the three-dimensional coronal magnetic field extrapolated from nonlinear force-free field modeling, using data from Hinode and Solar Dynamics Observatory. We found three intriguing points : (1) There was a compact but noticeably highly twisted magnetic field structure that is represented by a small filament in the C2.4 flaring region, where a tiny precursor brightening was observed before the C2.4 flare. (2) The C2.4 flaring region is located in the vicinity of a foot point of the closed field that prohibits the filament from erupting. (3) The filament shows a sudden eruption after the C2.4 flare and accompanying small filament eruption. From our analysis, we suggest that a small magnetic disturbance that was represented by the tiny precursor brightening at the time of the C2.4 flare is related to the trigger of the huge filament eruption.
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