驱动非平衡系统中的非对称能量传递与时间箭头
Asymmetric energy transfers in driven nonequilibrium systems and arrow of time
摘要：
在时间反演下，基本相互作用要么是完全对称的，要么是几乎对称的。但是宏观现象有一个确定的时间箭头。虽然时间的优先方向的起源没有达成一致，但许多研究者认为时间的方向是朝着熵增加的方向。在本文中，我们提供了另一种观点。在大尺度强迫的驱动-耗散非平衡系统中，能量从大尺度流向耗散尺度。这种普遍的多尺度过程打破了时间反演的对称性和细致平衡原则，从而产生了时间之箭。在本文中，我们提出，转换的大尺度相干到小尺度的不相干可以被视为一般的物理系统的耗散机制。我们以湍流为例来说明上述过程。我们认为，时间不可逆性的上述图片可以用于宇宙和多体量子系统。
英文摘要：
Fundamental interactions are either fully or nearly symmetric under time reversal. But macroscopic phenomena have a definite arrow of time. Though there is no convergence on the origin of time's preferential direction, many researchers believe that the direction of time is towards increasing entropy. In this paper, we provide an alternate point of view. In driven-dissipative nonequilibrium systems forced at large scale, the energy flows from large scales to dissipative scales. This generic and multiscale process breaks time reversal symmetry and principle of detailed balance, thus can yield an arrow of time. In this paper we propose that conversion of large-scale coherence to small-scales incoherence could be treated as a dissipation mechanism for generic physical systems. We illustrate the above processes using turbulence as an example. We argue that the above picture of time irreversibility could be employed to the universe and to many-body quantum systems.
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