记录超短电子束时间信息的太赫兹示波器
Terahertz oscilloscope for recording time information of ultrashort electron beams
摘要：
我们提出并演示了一种用于记录超短电子束时间信息的太赫兹（THz）示波器。通过将具有圆偏振的激光驱动的THz脉冲注入到电介质管中，电子束被螺旋地扫过，使得时间信息被均匀地编码到角分布中，该角分布允许人们表征电子束的时间轮廓和定时抖动。在这样的配置中的测量的动态范围显着增加相比，偏转与线性偏振太赫兹脉冲。使用该太赫兹示波器，近50倍的相对论电子束的纵向压缩到约15 fs（rms）直接可视化，其到达时间确定为3 fs的精度。该技术弥补了激光器产生的光电子条纹和射频偏转器偏转相对论电子束之间的差距，在许多超短电子束装置中具有广泛的应用。
英文摘要：
We propose and demonstrate a Terahertz (THz) oscilloscope for recording time information of an ultrashort electron beam. By injecting a laser-driven THz pulse with circular polarization into a dielectric tube, the electron beam is swept helically such that the time information is uniformly encoded into the angular distribution that allows one to characterize both the temporal profile and timing jitter of an electron beam. The dynamic range of the measurement in such a configuration is significantly increased compared to deflection with a linearly polarized THz pulse. With this THz oscilloscope, nearly 50-fold longitudinal compression of a relativistic electron beam to about 15 fs (rms) is directly visualized with its arrival time determined with 3 fs accuracy. This technique bridges the gap between streaking of photoelectrons with optical lasers and deflection of relativistic electron beams with radio-frequency deflectors, and should have wide applications in many ultrashort electron beam based facilities.
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