保还是退？在新南威尔士州支付保护费用的意愿
Preserve or retreat? Willingness-to-pay for Coastline Protection in New South Wales
摘要：
海岸侵蚀是一种全球性的普遍现象，这表明需要对未来的海岸价值和资产（包括建筑和自然）管理采取战略方法，我们应该投资于旨在保护特定海岸特征的海堤等保护性结构，或允许自然海岸线后退以保护沙滩和其他沿海生态系统。在特定情况下确定最合适的管理方法需要更好地了解人口对沿海资产的全套经济价值，包括非市场价值。在这项研究中，我们调查了新南威尔士州居民愿意支付维护沙滩（宽度和长度）。我们使用一个创新的应用程序的潜在类二进制Logit模型来处理赞成者和反对者，以及揭示样本成员之间的潜在异质性。我们发现，65%的人口愿意支付一定数额的税，这取决于政策设置。在大多数情况下，泳滩变坏的程度（即沙滩的阔度和长度减少5%至100%），对受访者缴付管理费的意愿并无影响。这表明，同意支付管理费的受访者有动机在其目前的状态下保护沙滩，而不管海岸侵蚀可能导致的沙损失的严重程度。支付意愿也因海滩类型（标志性，主要，海湾和冲浪海滩）而异，这一发现可以帮助沿海管理的空间优先级。没有认识到数据中的反对者的存在，或者认识到他们，但从估计中消除他们将导致有偏见的WTP结果，因此，沿海管理者有偏见的政策主张。
英文摘要：
Coastal erosion is a global and pervasive phenomenon that predicates a need for a strategic approach to the future management of coastal values and assets (both built and natural), should we invest in protective structures like seawalls that aim to preserve specific coastal features, or allow natural coastline retreat to preserve sandy beaches and other coastal ecosystems. Determining the most suitable management approach in a specific context requires a better understanding of the full suite of economic values the populations holds for coastal assets, including non-market values. In this study, we characterise New South Wales residents willingness to pay to maintain sandy beaches (width and length). We use an innovative application of a Latent Class Binary Logit model to deal with Yea-sayers and Nay-sayers, as well as revealing the latent heterogeneity among sample members. We find that 65% of the population would be willing to pay some amount of levy, dependent on the policy setting. In most cases, there is no effect of degree of beach deterioration characterised as loss of width and length of sandy beaches of between 5% and 100% on respondents willingness to pay for a management levy. This suggests that respondents who agreed to pay a management levy were motivated to preserve sandy beaches in their current state irrespective of the severity of sand loss likely to occur as a result of coastal erosion. Willingness to pay also varies according to beach type (amongst Iconic, Main, Bay and Surf beaches) a finding that can assist with spatial prioritisation of coastal management. Not recognizing the presence of nay-sayers in the data or recognizing them but eliminating them from the estimation will result in biased WTP results and, consequently, biased policy propositions by coastal managers.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
