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arXiv 1902.02065cs.ROastro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM
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不规则重力场下小行星表面的运动规划

Motion Planning on an Asteroid Surface with Irregular Gravity Fields

University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学)

Himangshu Kalita, Jekan Thangavelautham

摘要:

近地空间有数千颗小行星,主带有数百万颗。它们的物理性质和组成各不相同,是早期太阳系的时间胶囊。这使它们成为行星科学,资源开采,行星防御/安全以及星际仓库和通信中继的战略位置。然而,小行星由于其低但高度非线性的重力场而成为表面探测的挑战目标。在这种情况下,通过弹道跳跃的移动性比传统的移动性解决方案具有多种优势,因此跳跃机器人已成为未来探索小行星和彗星的有前途的平台。它们能以最小的能量消耗在崎岖的地形上穿越很长的距离。在本文中,我们提出了弹道跳跃动力学和它的运动规划在一个小行星表面高度非线性重力场。我们用打靶法求解不规则重力场中的Lambert轨道边值问题,求出拦截目标所需的初速度。然后,我们提出的方法来定位跳跃机器人使用连续扫描匹配与三维激光扫描仪的姿态估计。利用上述结果,我们提供了小行星表面长距离运动规划的方法。机器人将需要执行多次跳跃以从其初始位置到达期望的目标,同时避开障碍物。然后将该研究扩展到通过访问多个航路点来找到到达期望目标的最优轨迹。

英文摘要:

There are thousands of asteroids in near-Earth space and millions in the Main Belt. They are diverse in physical properties and composition and are time capsules of the early solar system. This makes them strategic locations for planetary science, resource mining, planetary defense/security and as inter-planetary depots and communication relays. However, asteroids are a chal-lenging target for surface exploration due it its low but highly nonlinear gravity field. In such conditions, mobility through ballistic hopping possess multiple advantages over conventional mobility solutions and as such hop-ping robots have emerged as a promising platform for future exploration of asteroids and comets. They can traverse large distances over rough terrain with the expenditure of minimum energy. In this paper we present ballistic hopping dynamics and its motion planning on an asteroid surface with highly nonlinear gravity fields. We do it by solving Lambert's orbital boundary val-ue problem in irregular gravity fields by a shooting method to find the initial velocity required to intercept a target. We then present methods to localize the hopping robot using pose estimation by successive scan matching with a 3D laser scanner. Using the above results, we provide methods for motion planning on the asteroid surface over long distances. The robot will require to perform multiple hops to reach a desired goal from its initial position while avoiding obstacles. The study is then be extended to find optimal tra-jectories to reach a desired goal by visiting multiple waypoints.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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