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arXiv 1902.01971physics.atom-ph
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小信号范围以外的微波拉比共振

Microwave Rabi resonances beyond the small-signal regime

A. Tretiakov, L. J. LeBlanc

摘要:

微波场和原子(或类原子系统)之间的耦合本质上比光场弱,使得用于量子信息处理等应用的微波信号操纵在技术上具有挑战性。为了更好地理解这种耦合并开发测量它的工具,我们使用“原子蜡烛”技术探索微波与原子的耦合,并将其推到小信号范围之外,以提供更大的信号。在熟悉的二能级系统中,当单音驱动被相位调制时,可能会出现超出通常拉比振荡的响应,导致稳态粒子数以调制频率的整数谐波振荡。拉比频率附近频率的前两个谐波的谐振行为,称为$α$和$β$拉比谐振,广泛用于微波场磁力测量,并作为称为原子蜡烛的功率标准。在这里,我们探讨拉比共振超出小信号近似和报告后,高次谐波的微波超精细跃迁在冷$^{87}\rm Rb$原子,我们比较数值模拟的人口响应的实验观察。

英文摘要:

The coupling between microwave fields and atoms (or atom-like systems) is inherently weaker than for optical fields, making microwave signal manipulation for applications like quantum information processing technically challenging. In order to better understand this coupling and to develop tools for measuring it, we explore the microwave coupling to atoms using the "atomic candle" technique, and push it beyond the bounds of the small-signal regime in order to deliver a larger signal. In familiar two-level systems, responses beyond the usual Rabi oscillations can arise when a single-tone drive is phase-modulated, causing the steady-state populations to oscillate at integer harmonics of the modulation frequency. Resonant behavior of the first two harmonics for frequencies near the Rabi frequency, known as $α$ and $β$ Rabi resonances, is widely used for microwave-field magnetometry and as a power standard known as the atomic candle. Here, we explore Rabi resonances beyond the small-signal approximation and report upon experimental observations of higher-harmonic population response for microwave hyperfine transitions in cold $^{87}\rm Rb$ atoms, which we compare to numerical simulations.

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