二维通道中活动杆的均匀和非均匀布居
Homogeneous and heterogeneous populations of active rods in two-dimensional channels
摘要：
由消耗能量来移动或做功的个体组成的活跃群体，已知会产生各种各样的集体行为。许多活跃群集的例子在本质上是生物的（例如，鱼群和鸟群），并且已经通过数值模拟进行了广泛的建模。这样的群体模拟通常假设群体是同质的;也就是说，每个代理都具有完全相同的动力学特性。然而，许多生物群是高度异质性的，例如土壤中的多物种微生物群落，个别物种可能具有各种不同的物理特性。在这里，我们探索异质性，通过开发一个简单的模型，在没有流体动力学效应的情况下，一群能动的异质棒状细菌的动力学。使用分子动力学模拟的活性杆限制在一个二维的矩形通道，我们首先探讨的情况下，均匀的群集，并表明，这两个动力学的关键参数是比例的动力学力的空间位阻力。接下来，我们将探讨异质或混合的群体，其中的组成自我推进杆有一系列的motilities和空间相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，限制边界在驱动混合种群的分离中起着重要的作用。
英文摘要：
Active swarms, consisting of individual agents which consume energy to move or produce work, are known to generate a diverse range of collective behaviors. Many examples of active swarms are biological in nature (e.g., fish shoals and bird flocks) and have been modeled extensively by numerical simulations. Such simulations of swarms usually assume that the swarm is homogeneous; that is, every agent has exactly the same dynamical properties. However, many biological swarms are highly heterogeneous, such as multispecies communities of micro-organisms in soil, and individual species may have a wide range of different physical properties. Here we explore heterogeneity by developing a simple model for the dynamics of a swarm of motile heterogeneous rodlike bacteria in the absence of hydrodynamic effects. Using molecular dynamics simulations of active rods confined within a two-dimensional rectangular channel, we first explore the case of homogeneous swarms and show that the key parameter governing both dynamics is ratio of the motility force to the steric force. Next we explore heterogeneous or mixed swarms in which the constituent self-propelled rods have a range of motilities and steric interactions. Our results show that the confining boundaries play a strong role in driving the segregation of mixed populations.
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