不断发展的社交网络上的疫苗接种困境
Vaccination dilemma on an evolving social network
摘要：
接种疫苗对控制流行病至关重要。然而，这是一个社会困境，因为非接种者可以从接种者产生的群体免疫中受益。因此，通过自愿接种有时达不到最佳接种水平。深入的研究将社交网络纳入疫苗接种行为的研究，结果表明，疫苗接种可以在某些网络上推广。然而，底层网络通常被认为是静态的，忽略了社交网络的动态特性。我们研究了动态社交网络上的接种行为，使用模拟和平均场近似。我们发现，接种者-感染者-非接种者之间的联系越稳固，或者接种者-健康者-非接种者之间的联系越脆弱，最终的接种水平就越高。这个结果对于任意理性来说是正确的。此外，我们表明，在强选择下，疫苗接种水平可以高于在充分混合的人口。此外，我们还证明了在进化的社会网络上接种疫苗与在重新标度的基本生殖比下接种疫苗是等价的。我们的研究结果突出了社会网络对接种行为的动态影响，对疫情控制具有一定的指导意义。
英文摘要：
Vaccination is crucial for the control of epidemics. Yet it is a social dilemma since non-vaccinators can benefit from the herd immunity created by the vaccinators. Thus the optimum vaccination level is not reached via voluntary vaccination at times. Intensive studies incorporate social networks to study vaccination behavior, and it is shown that vaccination can be promoted on some networks. The underlying network, however, is often assumed to be static, neglecting the dynamical nature of social networks. We investigate the vaccination behavior on dynamical social networks using both simulations and mean-field approximations. We find that the more robust the vaccinator-infected-non-vaccinator links are or the more fragile the vaccinator-healthy-non-vaccinator links are, the higher the final vaccination level is. This result is true for arbitrary rationality. Furthermore, we show that, under strong selection, the vaccination level can be higher than that in the well-mixed population. In addition, we show that vaccination on evolving social network is equivalent to the vaccination in well mixed population with a rescaled basic reproductive ratio. Our results highlight the dynamical nature of social network on the vaccination behavior, and can be insightful for the epidemic control.
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