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arXiv 1902.01344astro-ph.GA
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星团中双星的长期动力学I:一般公式和对星团势的依赖

Secular dynamics of binaries in stellar clusters I: general formulation and dependence on cluster potential

Chris Hamilton, Roman R. Rafikov

摘要:

稠密星团中双星系统的轨道演化对于蓝离散星的起源、致密天体合并的起源、毫秒双星等都有重要意义.本文研究了由轴对称星团(球状、核状等)的光滑潮汐场驱动的双星系统轨道根数长期演化的一般问题.双星的轨道。我们推导出一个长期的哈密顿量(平均在两个内开普勒轨道的二进制和集群内的外轨道)有效的四极为了一个任意的集群潜力,并探讨其特点。这个双重平均的“潮汐”哈密顿量只依赖于两个参数,它们完全吸收了背景星系团势和双星轨道的信息:一个维度参数$A$设定了长期时间尺度,一个无量纲参数$Γ$决定了双星内部轨道演化的相图。我们研究的依赖$A$和$Γ$对集群潜力(球形和轴对称)和集群内的二进制轨道。我们的理论再现了已知的长期结果-如Lidov-Kozai演化和银河潮汐对奥尔特云彗星的影响-在适当的范围内,但更普遍。它提供了一个通用的框架,了解各种类型的双星的动力学演化驱动的光滑潮汐场的任何轴对称的潜力。在一篇配套论文(Hamilton & Rafikov 2019 b)中,我们详细探索了由此产生的轨道动力学。

英文摘要:

Orbital evolution of binary systems in dense stellar clusters is important in a variety of contexts: origin of blue stragglers, progenitors of compact object mergers, millisecond pulsars, and so on. Here we consider the general problem of secular evolution of the orbital elements of a binary system driven by the smooth tidal field of an axisymmetric stellar cluster (globular, nuclear, etc.) in which the binary orbits. We derive a secular Hamiltonian (averaged over both the inner Keplerian orbit of the binary and its outer orbit within the cluster) valid to quadrupole order for an arbitrary cluster potential and explore its characteristics. This doubly-averaged 'tidal' Hamiltonian depends on just two parameters, which fully absorb the information about the background cluster potential and the binary's orbit within it: a dimensional parameter $A$ setting the secular timescale, and a dimensionless parameter $Γ$ which determines the phase portrait of the binary's inner orbital evolution. We examine the dependence of $A$ and $Γ$ on cluster potential (both spherical and axisymmetric) and on the binary orbit within the cluster. Our theory reproduces known secular results - such as Lidov-Kozai evolution and the effect of the Galactic tide on Oort Cloud comets - in appropriate limits, but is more general. It provides a universal framework for understanding dynamical evolution of various types of binaries driven by the smooth tidal field of any axisymmetric potential. In a companion paper (Hamilton & Rafikov 2019b) we provide a detailed exploration of the resulting orbital dynamics.

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